Facile route to bulk ultrafine-grain steels for high strength and ductility

Gao, Junheng; Jiang, Suihe; Huai-Ruo, Zhang; Huang, Yuhe; Guan, Dawei; Xu, Yidong; Guan, Shaokang; Bendersky, Leonid A.; Davydov, Albert V.; Wu, Yuan; Zhu, Huihui; Wang, Yandong; Liu, Xiongjun; Rainforth, W.M.

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03246-3

Cited by 137 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Given the small atomic radius of boron (0.098 nm), it is highly possible that boron will distribute along grain boundaries, as frequently observed in boron‐containing compounds and alloys. [ 68 ] Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterizations further reveal that the addition of boron can inhibit the grain growth due to the Zener pinning effect [ 69 ] by comparing the grain size distribution of samples Ge 0.9 Sb 0.1 Te and Ge 0.9 Sb 0.1 TeB 0.07 (Figure 1d; Figure S2, Supporting Information). The grain refinement effect by adding boron is furthermore also revealed by the fracture morphology of Ge 0.9 Sb 0.1 TeB x (Figure S3, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Strengthened GeTe‐Based Alloys for Robust Thermoelectric Devices with High Output Power Density

Bai

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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High‐performance thermoelectric (TE) devices require not only a high figure of merit (ZT) but also mechanical strength and thermal stability. Here, a simultaneous enhancement of ZT as well as mechanical properties is obtained in GeTe‐based alloys by adding boron. This material is then assembled with n‐type CoSb3 skutterudite into TE modules. The improved ZT values result from the increase in charge carrier mobility due to the reduced interfacial barrier height. A peak ZT of 2.2 at 773 K can be achieved in Ge0.84Pb0.1Sb0.06TeB0.07, which shows a negligible change in the coefficient of thermal expansion upon the phase transition from the rhombohedral to the cubic phase, ensuring good thermal stability of the device. Resulting from the boron‐induced grain refinement and dispersion strengthening, the average compressive strength and Vickers hardness of Ge0.9Sb0.1TeB0.07 can be enhanced to ≈227 MPa and ≈202 Hv, respectively. The improved mechanical properties facilitate the assembly of devices and lower the interfacial contact resistance. As a synergy of increased ZT and mechanical strength, a high output power density of ≈1.76 W cm−2 at ΔT = 425 K and an energy conversion efficiency of 7.4% at ΔT = 477 K can be achieved in the TE modules.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Strengthened GeTe‐Based Alloys for Robust Thermoelectric Devices with High Output Power Density

Bai

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…For the last case, consider a nano-scaled grain growth process under tensile stress. The nano-grained metals have attracted great attention due to their excellent properties for the structure designed [29,30]. Since the grain growth process is widely simulated Another advantage of exchange coupled composites is that the structure is easy to be designed for better performance.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the last case, consider a nano-scaled grain growth process under tensile stress. The nano-grained metals have attracted great attention due to their excellent properties for the structure designed [ 29 , 30 ]. Since the grain growth process is widely simulated through the phase field model [ 4 , 31 , 32 ], this lattice model can take into account the grain lattice direction in the elastic contribution of the total free energy.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Phase Field Model for Nanomaterials

Liang

2021

Materials

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The lattice phase field model is developed to simulate microstructures of nanoscale materials. The grid spacing in simulation is rescaled and restricted to the lattice parameter of real materials. Two possible approaches are used to solve the phase field equations at the length scale of lattice parameter. Examples for lattice phase field modeling of complex nanostructures are presented to demonstrate the potential and capability of this model, including ferroelectric superlattice structure, ferromagnetic composites, and the grain growth process under stress. Advantages, disadvantages, and future directions with this phase field model are discussed briefly.

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“…This is largely due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, which to a large extent, are determined by their microstructural evolution upon deformation [1,2]. To date, electron microscopy is one of the most important methods in the characterization of microstructures, exemplified by the transmission electron microscope (TEM), which continues to be an indispensable tool for studying dislocations, interfaces, and precipitates in metals, owing to its outstanding spatial resolution of less than 1 nm [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the limited field of view makes it difficult to establish a solid connection between microscopic observations and macroscopic properties [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging and Diffraction on the Solidification and Deformation Behavior of Metallic Materials

Peng

Miao

Sun

et al. 2021

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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Characterizing the microstructure and deformation mechanism associated with the performances and properties of metallic materials is of great importance in understanding the microstructure-property relationship. The past few decades have witnessed the rapid development of characterization techniques from optical microscopy to electron microscopy, although these conventional methods are generally limited to the sample surface because of the intrinsic opaque nature of metallic materials. Advanced synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities can produce X-rays with strong penetrability and high spatiotemporal resolution, and thereby enabling the non-destructive visualization of full-field structural information in three dimensions. Tremendous endeavors were devoted to the 3rd generation SR over the past three decades, in which X-ray beams have been focused down to 100 nm. In this paper, recent progresses on SR-related characterization technologies were reviewed, with particular emphases on the fundamentals of synchrotron X-ray imaging and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, as well as their applications in the in situ observations of material preparation (e.g., in situ dendrite growth during solidification) and service under extreme environment (e.g., in situ mechanics). Future innovations toward next-generation SR and newly emerging SRbased technologies such as dark-field X-ray microscopy and Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging were also advocated.

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Facile route to bulk ultrafine-grain steels for high strength and ductility

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Facile route to bulk ultrafine-grain steels for high strength and ductility.

Cited by 137 publications

References 57 publications

Boron Strengthened GeTe‐Based Alloys for Robust Thermoelectric Devices with High Output Power Density

Boron Strengthened GeTe‐Based Alloys for Robust Thermoelectric Devices with High Output Power Density

Lattice Phase Field Model for Nanomaterials

Recent Progress of Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging and Diffraction on the Solidification and Deformation Behavior of Metallic Materials

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