Facile reduction of graphene oxide at room temperature by ammonia borane via salting out effect

Self-propagating solar light reduction of graphite oxide in water

“…Traditionally, the reduction of GtO is performed mainly by: (i) high temperature (up to ∼1000 • C) treatment usually in absence of oxygen [24] (ii) chemical treatment with reductive agents such as hydrazine [25], ammonia borane [26], hot sulfuric acid [27], hydroiodic acid [28], etc. Both thermal and chemical reduction routes harvest graphene oxide with high level of deoxygenation and electrical conductivity close to the pure non-oxydized graphene.…”

High Efficient Reduction of Graphene Oxide via Nascent Hydrogen at Room Temperature

“…To date, many techniques have been introduced to synthesize graphene, such as chemical reduction of GO [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], liquid-phase exfoliation [ 16 , 17 ], micro-mechanical exfoliation [ 18 ], chemical vapor deposition [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], etc. Overall, the chemical reduction of GO is believed to be one of the most promising methods to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) with low cost and large-scale productivity [ 14 ]. Until now, the graphene oxide can be large scale prepared by exfoliation of graphite oxide, which is obtained by oxidizing graphite using oxidants and strong acid [ 22 , 23 ].…”

“…GO nanosheets have a lot of functional groups—including epoxide, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxy groups—which make it hydrophilic [ 24 , 25 ]. Therefore, GO sheets can be dispersed uniformly in water and many kinds of organic solvent due to electrostatic repulsion of carboxylate groups on GO sheets that with a negative charge [ 14 ]. However, metal ions can neutralize the charges on the GO sheets and destabilize the resulting dispersions [ 26 ].…”

“…Until now, various inorganic and organic reductants have been exploited for chemical reduction of GO [ 13 , 14 ]. For instance, hydrazine and its derivatives [ 24 ] are effective and efficient reductants for GO reduction [ 14 ]. However, these reductants are highly toxic to both living organisms and the environment which limited their usage [ 28 ].…”

“…Recently, many studies have focused on chemically reducing GO by green reductants at room temperature. As a strong reducing and environmentally benign agent [ 14 ], nascent hydrogen can be used for efficiently reducing of GO. Usually, nascent hydrogen was generated by reaction of acid solution with metal powders.…”