Facile Protection of Lithium Metal for All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Delaporte, Nicolas; Guerfi, Abdelbast; Demers, Hendrix; Lorrmann, Henning; Paolella, Andrea; Zaghib, Karim

doi:10.1002/open.201900021

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Symmetrical Li cells with Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) solid electrolytes were used in this study. Following our previous reports 15 , 16 , the gallium-doped LLZO electrolyte is synthesized by mixing 5.92 g of Li 2 CO 3 , 11.39 g of La 2 O 3 , 5.77 g of ZrO 2 and 0.56 g of Ga 2 O 3 in planetary mill with ZrO 2 balls under air atmosphere and then the mixture is annealed in tubular furnace on graphite (or zirconia or alumina) boat. The temperature was increased from room temperature to 700 °C and then the synthesis temperature was increased up to 950 °C and kept for 2 h keeping N 2 gas flowing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte

Golozar

Paolella

Demers

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Dendrite formation, which could cause a battery short circuit, occurs in batteries that contain lithium metal anodes. In order to suppress dendrite growth, the use of electrolytes with a high shear modulus is suggested as an ionic conductive separator in batteries. One promising candidate for this application is Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) because it has excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. In this work, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed to monitor the interface behavior between lithium metal and LLZO electrolyte during cycling with pressure. Using the obtained SEM images, videos were created that show the inhomogeneous dissolution and deposition of lithium, which induce dendrite growth. The energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses of dendrites indicate the presence of Li, C, and O elements. Moreover, the cross-section mapping comparison of the LLZO shows the inhomogeneous distribution of La, Zr, and C after cycling that was caused by lithium loss near the Li electrode and possible side reactions. This work demonstrates the morphological and chemical evolution that occurs during cycling in a symmetrical Li–Li cell that contains LLZO. Although the superior mechanical properties of LLZO make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for batteries, the further improvement of the electrochemical stabilization of the garnet–lithium metal interface is suggested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte

Golozar

Paolella

Demers

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…[ 115 ] Another feasible method is to confine the lithium dendrite growth in a reserved space, not only suppressing the dendrite impalement but also alleviating the electrochemo‐mechanical failure. Artificial SEI layer such as Li 3 PO 4 layer, [ 116 ] polymer layer, [ 117 ] organic–inorganic molecular layer, [ 118 ] etc., have been proved highly effective to suppress the dendrites. In spite of these great achievements, lithium dendrite issues are still extremely challenging for high‐performance solid‐state batteries.…”

Section: Interfaces In All‐solid‐state Lithium Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Issues and Challenges in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond

et al. 2020

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Owing to the promise of high safety and energy density, all‐solid‐state batteries are attracting incremental interest as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, their widespread applications are inhibited by many technical challenges, including low‐conductivity electrolytes, dendrite growth, and poor cycle/rate properties. Particularly, the interfacial dynamics between the solid electrolyte and the electrode is considered as a crucial factor in determining solid‐state battery performance. In recent years, intensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding the interfacial behavior and strategies to overcome these challenges for all‐solid‐state batteries. Here, the interfacial principle and engineering in a variety of solid‐state batteries, including solid‐state lithium/sodium batteries and emerging batteries (lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, etc.), are discussed. Specific attention is paid to interface physics (contact and wettability) and interface chemistry (passivation layer, ionic transport, dendrite growth), as well as the strategies to address the above concerns. The purpose here is to outline the current interface issues and challenges, allowing for target‐oriented research for solid‐state electrochemical energy storage. Current trends and future perspectives in interfacial engineering are also presented.

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“…, x 7 of 28 [123]. The passivating nature of this layer contrasts with what is observed when analogous electrolytes are in contact with lithium metal [124][125][126][127][128]. In this case, the formation of the layer, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), allows the diffusion of lithium ions and prevents further decomposition of the electrolyte in the highly reducing environment during lithium plating [129][130][131][132][133].…”

Section: Magnesium Metal As Anodementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Even though the nature of the passivating layer has not been fully understood, it is known that its formation comes from the high reactivity of magnesium metal, which acts as a double-edged sword: electrolytes are instable in proximity of the anode and their decomposition occurs [123]. The passivating nature of this layer contrasts with what is observed when analogous electrolytes are in contact with lithium metal [124][125][126][127][128]. In this case, the formation of the layer, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), allows the diffusion of lithium ions and prevents further decomposition of the electrolyte in the highly reducing environment during lithium plating [129][130][131][132][133].…”

Section: Magnesium Metal As Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Anodes for Magnesium Batteries: Challenges towards a Promising Storage Solution for Renewables

et al. 2021

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Magnesium-based batteries represent one of the successfully emerging electrochemical energy storage chemistries, mainly due to the high theoretical volumetric capacity of metallic magnesium (i.e., 3833 mAh cm−3 vs. 2046 mAh cm−3 for lithium), its low reduction potential (−2.37 V vs. SHE), abundance in the Earth’s crust (104 times higher than that of lithium) and dendrite-free behaviour when used as an anode during cycling. However, Mg deposition and dissolution processes in polar organic electrolytes lead to the formation of a passivation film bearing an insulating effect towards Mg2+ ions. Several strategies to overcome this drawback have been recently proposed, keeping as a main goal that of reducing the formation of such passivation layers and improving the magnesium-related kinetics. This manuscript offers a literature analysis on this topic, starting with a rapid overview on magnesium batteries as a feasible strategy for storing electricity coming from renewables, and then addressing the most relevant outcomes in the field of anodic materials (i.e., metallic magnesium, bismuth-, titanium- and tin-based electrodes, biphasic alloys, nanostructured metal oxides, boron clusters, graphene-based electrodes, etc.).

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Facile Protection of Lithium Metal for All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte

Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte

Interface Issues and Challenges in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium, Sodium, and Beyond

An Overview on Anodes for Magnesium Batteries: Challenges towards a Promising Storage Solution for Renewables

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