“…It can be seen from the figure (spectrum (i)) that the characteristic peaks of CNFs appear at 3400 cm −1 corresponding to the –O–H stretching vibration, at 2900–2800 cm −1 for the –C–H stretching vibrations, and at 1645 cm −1 for the –O–H bending vibration of absorbed water in CNFs. 21,29 Similarly, peaks at 1443 cm −1 , 1322 cm −1 , and 1047 cm −1 were ascribed to the –C–O–H stretching, –CH 2 wagging, and –C–O–C– stretching vibrations of the pyranose ring, respectively, which also appeared in the CNFs spectrum. 29 All these peaks were detected in the spectrum of the IONP@CNFs nanohybrid (spectrum (ii) in Fig.…”