Nanostructural and morphological design of gold has attracted great attention because of its chemical stability, high conductivity, and quantum-size effects. Nanostructured gold materials with various morphologies [1] show unique optical properties due to their localized surface plasmon resonance [2] and catalytic activity. [3] Ordered arrays of nanostructured gold with various arrangements that depend on their morphology are also important for the fabrication of hierarchically organized functional materials. [4] However, the applications of nanostructured gold are often limited because of its tendency to form unstable aggregates. To circumvent this problem, the formation of three-dimensionally extended frameworks is quite effective. Such three-dimensionally nanostructured gold materials are stable to catalytic reactions [5] and promising for various applications, such as electrochemistry, sensing, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. [5][6][7] However, the design of highly ordered three-dimensional gold nanostructures is quite limited because of the difficulty of controlling the growth of gold. Three-dimensional mesoporous gold materials are formed by a dealloying technique, whereas their nanostructures are not ordered. [5] Though various mesoporous metals have been prepared by soft and hard templating techniques, [8] the nanostructured gold materials prepared by using nanoscale hard templates have been limited to nanoparticles and nanowires without specific threedimensional nanostructures. [9] Colloidal templating is one of the most useful techniques to form three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials. [10] By replicating periodically arranged silica nanoparticles with relatively small diameter, [11] three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous (3DOM) materials, such as polymers, [12] carbon, [11a] and platinum, [13,14] have been prepared. Studies on silica nanoparticles assembled into thin films, [15a] patterned structures, [15b] and one-dimensional arrays [15c] have also been reported. Although macroporous gold with submicrometer-scale periodicity is formed by using large templates, [6] disordered mesoporous gold is formed when small silica nanoparticles (ca. 50 nm) are used as templates. [13] The rapid growth of gold may cause collapse of the three-dimensional structure of templates due to the structural mismatch between templates and gold.To achieve slower crystal growth, we have focused on vapor infiltration of a reducing agent (dimethylamineborane, DMAB) to deposit gold inside the template (denoted vapor reduction). We have applied this technique for the formation of mesoporous platinum by replicating lyotropic liquid-crystalline templates [16] or colloidal crystal templates. [14] It allows both a slower reduction rate and lower reaction temperature than reduction with H 2 . [13] To our surprise, during the course of this study, many gold particles deposited in the interstices of periodically arranged silica nanoparticles by vapor reduction showed a two-dimensional morphology in spite of the three...