“…In this context, the combination of CPs with metal nanostructures has generated great curiosity due to their unique optical, electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties (Kumar et al, 2019;Nath et al, 2019). Their applications in various areas including catalysis, detection, medical, nanotechnology, and environment have been largely explored (Oularbi, 2018;Oularbi et al, 2019Oularbi et al, , 2020Chauhan et al, 2020;El Attar et al, 2020;Kanaujia et al, 2020). CPs have been widely combined with various metal-based nanostructures such as Pt, Pd, Au, Cu, Ni, Fe 3 O 4 , TiO 2 , WO 3 , SnO 2 , MoS 2 , and MnO 2 (Cho et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012;Dimitrijevic et al, 2013;Lei et al, 2015;Razzaghi et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016aLi et al, , 2016bLin et al, 2016;Yan et al, 2018;Nath et al, 2019;Kanaujia et al, 2020), with different morphologies and structures.…”