Facile green synthesis approach for the production of chromium oxide nanoparticles and their different in vitro biological activities

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants has become a promising substitute for the conventional chemical synthesis methods. In the present study, our aim was to synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr 2 O 3 NPs) through a facile, low-cost, ecofriendly route using leaf extract of Rhamnus virgata (RV). The formation of Cr 2 O 3 NPs was confirmed and characterized by spectroscopic profile of UV-Vis, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. The UV-visible spectroscopy has confirmed the formation of Cr 2 O 3 NPs by the change of color owing to surface plasmon resonance. The bioactive functional groups present in the leaf extract of RV involved in reduction and stabilization of Cr 2 O 3 NPs were determined by FTIR analysis. Based on XRD analysis, crystalline nature of Cr 2 O 3 NPs was determined. The morphological shape and elemental composition of Cr 2 O 3 NPs were investigated using SEM and EDX analyses, respectively. With growing applications of Cr 2 O 3 NPs in biological perspectives, Cr 2 O 3 NPs were evaluated for diverse biopotentials. Cr 2 O 3 NPs were further investigated for its cytotoxicity potentials against HepG2 and HUH-7 cancer cell lines (IC 50 : 39.66 and 45.87 μg/ml), respectively. Cytotoxicity potential of Cr 2 O 3 NPs was confirmed against promastigotes (IC 50 : 33.24 μg/ml) and amastigotes (IC 50 : 44.31 μg/ml) using Leishmania tropica (KMH 23 ). The Cr 2 O 3 NPs were further evaluated for antioxidants, biostatic, alpha-amylase, and protein kinase inhibition properties. Biocompatibility assay was investigated against human macrophages which confirmed the nontoxic nature of Cr 2 O 3 NPs. Overall, the synthesized Cr 2 O 3 NPs are biocompatible and nontoxic and proved to possess significant biopotentials. In future, different in vivo studies are needed to fully investigate the cytotoxicity and mechanism of action associated with these Cr 2 O 3 NPs. K E Y W O R D S anticancer, antileishmanial, antimicrobial, biocompatibility, Cr 2 O 3 NPs, protein kinase

Phytofabrication of cobalt oxide nanoparticles from Rhamnus virgata leaves extract and investigation of different bioactivities

“…Our SPR results are in harmony with Bibi et al (2017). is mostly used to check ζ-size of NPs in colloidal suspension in range of nanomicron to submicron (Abbasi et al, 2020a, Abbasi et al, 2020c.…”

“…The mean/average hydrodynamic particles diameter (d.nm) in water mainly shows agglomeration/aggregation of NPs (Abbasi et al, 2020c, Sudhasree, Shakila Banu, Brindha, & Kurian, 2014.…”

“…NPs have controllable size, unique shape, surface tenability, large surface area, and spatial confinement. NPs shape, monodispersity, size, and surface chemistry are highly significant for modulating properties and related applications (Iqbal et al, 2019b;Iqbal et al, 2020c). Generally, NPs possess chemical and structural diversity based on their composition and inherent nature.…”

Phytogenic Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (NiO) Using Fresh Leaves Extract of Rhamnus triquetra (Wall.) and Investigation of Its Multiple In Vitro Biological Potentials

“…To determine the non-toxic nature of NiONPs, hemolysis assay was done using erythrocytes cells as discussed in the previously published article [28]. To achieve this purpose, 1 mL freshly isolated human red cells was placed in an Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) tube to avoid blood coagulation.…”

“…Different risk factors are involved in regulating the rate of cancer such as viral infections, heavy consumption of alcohol and toxin exposures (aflatoxin). In the current study, the anticancer potential of greenly orchestrated RT-NiONPs was investigated against HUH-7 and HepG2 liver cancer cell lines using an MTT assay [28]. To achieve this purpose, HUH-7 and HepG2 cancer cells were exposed to different concentrations of RT-NiONPs (1100-8.595 µg/mL) as summarized in Figure 8B.…”