Facile fabrication of VO2 composite film with enhanced significantly solar modulation performance by adjusting viscosity of VO2/PU dispersion

Multifunctional thermochromic smart windows for building energy saving

“…However, the high phase transition temperature, 13 limited luminous transmittance, 45 and weak solar modulation ability 46 have restricted the development of VO 2 -based smart windows. Many strategies have been proposed to tackle these problems, including element doping, 46,47 multilayer lms, 48,49 nanocomposite lms, 50,51 and nano-/microstructural engineering. 52,53 For example, W can donate extra electrons to VO 2 and lower the thermal driving force for electronic movement.…”

“…Similarly, VO 2 is composited in polyurethane with good dispersion and exhibits enhanced solar modulation from 6.6% to 14.5% and a luminous transmittance of 54%. 50 However, the abovementioned research focuses on enhancing luminous transmittance and solar modulation ability of VO 2 . The high phase transition temperature of VO 2 is rarely addressed.…”

Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management

“…Therefore, a technology that is easily applicable to existing windowpanes will make fast renovations with smart window technology possible, which enhances its potential impact on a carbon‐neutral built environment. Over the years, smart windows appeared that operate by switching an electric field (electrochromic) [ 8–11 ] as well as smart windows that respond autonomously to changes in outdoor weather conditions, such as temperature (thermochromic) [ 12–36 ] and sunlight intensity (photochromic). [ 37–46 ] Compared to electrochromic smart windows, thermochromic and photochromic (PC) smart windows are considered a better choice because of their simple structure, passive light modulation, and zero energy input characteristics.…”

“…Although thermochromic materials are extensively researched, there are some practical restrictions. For instance, the limitation of VO 2 -based smart windows [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] is the unfavorable color, service stability, and the balance between T lum and solar modulation (ΔT sol ). [35] Perovskite-based smart windows [22,23] also face the problems of insufficient environment stability and ΔT sol .…”

“…[35] Perovskite-based smart windows [22,23] also face the problems of insufficient environment stability and ΔT sol . [36] Hydrogel- [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and ionic liquid gel-based [30,31] smart windows have garnered considerable interest for their great transparency and effective solar modulation capabilities, but their scattering properties at elevated temperatures make them opaque, which affects the field of view and people's observation of outdoors. Hybridization of different material systems results in better performance, but still has the limitation of scattering [32,33] or ΔT sol .…”