Facile fabrication of three-dimensional highly ordered structural polyaniline–graphene bulk hybrid materials for high performance supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract

A novel approach to constructing three-dimensional (3D) highly ordered structural polyaniline-graphene bulk hybrid materials was proposed for high performance supercapacitor electrodes, in which a functional molecule, sulfonated triazine (ST), was introduced and adsorbed on graphene sheets via hydrogen bonding and p-p stacking interactions. The aim of adding ST is to achieve better dispersion of graphene nanosheets in water, and subsequently induce heterogeneous nucleation of polyaniline (PANI) through electrostatic interactions. Thus, the PANI nanorods were impelled to grow vertically on both surfaces of the individual sulfonated triazine functional graphene nanosheets (STGNS) via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution. The formation mechanism of well-controlled PANI nanorod array-sulfonated triazine functional graphene nanosheet (PANI-STGNS) hybrid materials was investigated in detail using a combination of UV-vis, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and XRD. The optimized PANI-STGNS10 bulk hybrid material possesses a specific capacitance as high as 1225 F g À1 at 1 A g À1 , together with outstanding rate capability and cycling stability, which are essential for its application in high performance supercapacitor electrodes.

Polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites synthesized by in situ high gravity chemical oxidative polymerization for supercapacitor

“…From the XRD patterns of GO and GN in Fig. 3D, it was observed that all of the characteristic peaks coincide with those in the literatures [40,41]. GO has an intense and sharp peak centered at 2u = 11.38 (0 0 1).…”

Hydrothermal assisted in situ growth of CoSe onto graphene nanosheets as a nanohybrid positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors

“…The slow discharge rate in the voltage range of 0.40 to 0.25 V attributed by both double-layer and pseudocapacitance, whereas the relatively fast discharge rate in the voltage ranges of 0.25 to À0.20 V originates from the double-layer capacitance. 46 During the slow discharge rate, the potential curve slope varies with time (at nature) which originates from the electrochemical adsorption/desorption or surface redox reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface (pseudocapacitance behavior). Hence the pseudocapacitance electrode behaves like a non-ideally polarizable electrode, resulting in at nature of charge-discharge process at certain potential windows.…”

Electroactive biopolymer/graphene hydrogels prepared for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

“…As for Lig-GH, the little bit tilted result indicates its pseudocapacitance effect. The 45° inclined portion of the plots in the middle frequency is due to the Warburg resistance, which is attributed to the frequency dependence of ion diffusion/transport from electrolyte to the electrode interface [52,57,58]. In the high frequency region, Lig-GH exhibits a slightly bigger semicircle than GH, which indicates the charge transfer resistance of Lig-GH is a little higher than that of GH.…”