Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic and Photoluminescent TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose-Based Paper for Anticounterfeiting Application

Abstract

A facile and versatile route to fabricate photoluminescent and robust superhydrophobic dual-functional paper was reported. The approach was based on lanthanide-based nanocrystal/nanotitania-doped cellulose fibers with a well-defined micro–nanohierarchical microstructure. Specifically, the cellulose fibers were first treated with the process of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) oxidation. The treated cellulose was then used as a template for the surface chemical deposition of rare-earth ions and subsequent hydrolysis reaction of tetraethyl titanate forming lanthanide-based nanocrystal/nanotitania-doped cellulose fibers. After paper-making and hydrophobicity treatment, the obtained paper possessed excellent luminescence, superhydrophobic, and self-cleaning properties. This synthesis route designed here has the advantages of mass production of biobased photoluminescent materials for anticounterfeiting applications.

The gorgeous transformation of paper: from cellulose paper to inorganic paper to 2D paper materials with multifunctional properties

“…Nawaz et al 148 reviewed the methods for the chemical modification of cellulose-based materials such as 2D cellulose paper into smart fluorescent materials and their multifunctional applications, including anticounterfeiting, 146,149,150 chemical sensing, 151–153 and gas detection. 154 For example, Wang et al 146 constructed a superhydrophobic and photoluminescent cellulose-based paper for anticounterfeiting application by doping lanthanide-based nanocrystal/nanotitania in cellulose fibers. The fabrication and photoluminescent properties of the TOC@LaF 3 :Eu 3+ @TiO 2 -based superhydrophobic anticounterfeiting paper are shown in Fig.…”

Plant‐Based Structures as an Opportunity to Engineer Optical Functions in Next‐Generation Light Management

“…The researchers also reported an improvement of UVB blocking with increasing thickness of the nanopaper. [ 163 ] Wang et al [ 183 ] prepared CNF‐based papers functionalized with lanthanum trifluoride‐doped europium and terbium (LaF 3 :Eu 3+ and LaF 3 :Tb 3+ ) for anti‐counterfeiting applications. [ 183 ] In addition to the high PL properties of TEMPO‐CNF LaF 3 :Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ papers at excitations of 260 nm/397 nm giving emissions at 545 nm/590 nm, the papers also possessed superhydrophobic and self‐healing properties.…”

“…[ 163 ] Wang et al [ 183 ] prepared CNF‐based papers functionalized with lanthanum trifluoride‐doped europium and terbium (LaF 3 :Eu 3+ and LaF 3 :Tb 3+ ) for anti‐counterfeiting applications. [ 183 ] In addition to the high PL properties of TEMPO‐CNF LaF 3 :Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ papers at excitations of 260 nm/397 nm giving emissions at 545 nm/590 nm, the papers also possessed superhydrophobic and self‐healing properties. [ 183 ] Zhang et al [ 184 ] doped TEMPO‐CNF with Tb 3+ and/or Eu 3+ to produce hazy, luminescent nanopapers via the self‐assembly of ligand‐stabilized lanthanide complexes (ligand: tris(2‐benzimidazolymethyl), NTB) and TEMPO‐CNF (NTB‐Tb 3+ ‐tCNF, NTB‐Eu 3+ ‐tCNF, and NTB‐Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ ‐tCNF).…”

“…[ 183 ] In addition to the high PL properties of TEMPO‐CNF LaF 3 :Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ papers at excitations of 260 nm/397 nm giving emissions at 545 nm/590 nm, the papers also possessed superhydrophobic and self‐healing properties. [ 183 ] Zhang et al [ 184 ] doped TEMPO‐CNF with Tb 3+ and/or Eu 3+ to produce hazy, luminescent nanopapers via the self‐assembly of ligand‐stabilized lanthanide complexes (ligand: tris(2‐benzimidazolymethyl), NTB) and TEMPO‐CNF (NTB‐Tb 3+ ‐tCNF, NTB‐Eu 3+ ‐tCNF, and NTB‐Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ ‐tCNF). The nanopapers had excellent optical properties, such as high fluorescence intensity (at wavelengths of 546, 613, and 618 nm) and lifetimes of 569–575 µs.…”

Sustainable Cationic Cellulose for Highly Efficient Flocculation of Suspended Particles

“…Cellulose, as the most abundant natural bioresources, has great potential for the removal of various pollutants due to its marvelous properties of biodegradability,nontoxicity, cheap and widely available (Salehizadeh et al 2018;Shak et al 2018;Noor et al 2020).It is well known that functional modi cation of cellulose can be easilyobtained, due to itssu cient hydroxyl groups on the surface.Thereby, a series of anionic groups such as carboxyl groups, phosphategroups, andsulfo groups, were introduced to improve the removal ability of cellulose for cationic dyes or heavy metal ions (Rodríguez et al 2011;Fu et al 2017;Wang et al 2020). For example, Li et al )successfully prepared carboxylatedcellulose lters by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and presented excellent adsorption capacity for cationic dyes and heavy metal ions.Ge et al (Ge et al 2016)andZhang et al (Zhang et al 2016) prepared cationic cellulose ber by introducing polyethyleneimine (PEI) for the removal of heavy metal ions.Besides,Dicarboxyl cellulose occulant was manufactured by periodate oxidation for the removal of kaolin suspension assisted with CaCl 2 as a coagulant .However, to the best of our knowledge, the employment of cationic cellulose as bio-occulantfor the directremoval of suspended particles from wastewater has been rarely reported.…”