Facile Fabrication of Polymeric Ionic Liquid Grafted Porous Polymer Monolith for Mixed‐Mode High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A novel polymeric ionic liquid grafted porous polymer monolith has been facilely fabricated for mixed-mode chromatography. The column is prepared from poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith through hydrolyzation of the epoxy moieties into hydroxyl groups, followed by "grafting from" polymerization of ionic liquid of 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride. Successful modification is characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The HPLC performance of developed column is evaluated by separating acidic vitamin B analytes, neutral steroids and basic aromatic amines in mixed-mode chromatography on a single column, respectively. The ionic liquid affords the monolith with both enhanced separation ability and improved column efficiency.

Current trends in the development of porous polymer monoliths for the separation of small molecules

“…Ionic liquids are stable and chemically inert nonvolatile molten salts that consist of inorganic anion and bulky asymmetric organic cation, which is based on imidazolium or pyridinium ring with alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atoms . Ionic liquids offer excellent solvation qualities, a variable viscosity range, excellent chemical, and thermal stability, and a negligible vapor pressure .…”

“…An Interesting alternative to incorporation of ionic liquids into the polymerization mixture is their usage to modify surface of prepared monoliths . Li et al prepared poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths and modified their surface with 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium chloride to prepare mixed‐mode monolithic stationary phase. Compared to generic monolith, the surface of the microglobules of the grafted monolith became rough and the size of the through pores also reduced after graft polymerization.…”

“…Mixed‐mode stationary phase has been used for the separation of acidic, neutral, and basic molecules, but still did not provide satisfactory column efficiency. On the other hand, proper optimization of generic monolith morphology, together with a designing of ionic liquid structure with desired anions, cations, and alkyl chains may allow preparation of more efficient polymer monoliths in a near future .…”

Preparation of a novel polymer monolith with functional polymer brushes by two‐step atom‐transfer radical polymerization for trypsin immobilization

“…Although the intrinsic structures of polymer monoliths possess nonignorable superiority for enzyme immobilization, surface properties, such as density of functionalities and hydrophobicity, also have great effect on activity of the enzyme. Understanding the influence of surface properties of substrate on enzyme activity is highly useful for engineering the efficient immobilized enzymatic reactor.…”

Multicomponent Radziszewski Emulsion Polymerization toward Macroporous Poly(ionic liquid) Catalysts

“…The development of PILs is also a fast-growing research area because these materials combine some valuable features of ILs with the intrinsic characteristics of polymers. In particular, porous PILs , raise tremendous interest in gas capture, ,− separation, − and catalysis − due to their enlarged surface area, high ionic density, spatial structuration, and the tunability of their properties via counterions exchange. Structuring PILs into porous materials was achieved by hard templating based on inorganic particles ,,, and by soft templating involving self-assembled copolymers, but also via template-free methods relying on porogenic solvents , or ionic complexations. ,,, Some emulsion-templated radical polymerization methods also led to macroporous PILs. − Note that the porous PILs mentioned above were obtained via multistep approaches based on the polymerization of preformed IL monomers and cross-linkers or by postmodification of porous organic networks.…”