“…Encapsulation of metal nanoparticles within a carbon framework has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic performance and stability, supported by a plethora of studies [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. This approach is particularly pertinent in electrocatalytic processes involving acidic media, where the nanoparticles must be shielded from dissolution to maintain their catalytic activity [35].…”