Facile Biocatalytic Access to 9‐Fluorenylmethyl Polyglycosides: Evaluation of Antiviral Activity on Immunocompetent Cells

Abstract

The biological activities of a series of mono- and oligosaccharides (beta-xylosides and alpha-glucosides) of 9-fluorenylmethanol were investigated together with mono-beta-galactoside and beta-glucoside of this aglycone, produced by biocatalytic routes. By using marine glycoside hydrolases and inexpensive donors such as maltose or xylan, access to mono-alpha-glucoside or mono-beta-xyloside of 9-fluorenylmethanol was obtained. Additionally, interesting polyglycoside derivatives were isolated. Biological testing indicated that in vitro treatment with these carbohydrate derivatives may influence the balance of cytokines in the environment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), restricting the harmful effect of herpes simplex type 2 replication. In fact, these carbohydrate derivatives tested in WISH cells did not show any significant antiviral activity.

Greening of the method for simultaneous determining the enisamium iodide and tilorone dihydrochloride using GC-FID assay

“…1), developed at the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, has undergone a full cycle of experimental and clinical studies and has been approved by the Pharmacological Committee of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for use as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic agent [1][2][3]. Tilorone dihydrochloride is an oral synthetic inducer of endoge-nous α-, β-, and γ-interferons produced by immune competent cells, which is a 2,7-bis [2-(diethylamino) ethoxy]-fluoren-9 dihydrochloride [4,5] (Fig. 1).…”

“…In the mid-1970s, tilorone was synthesized in Ukraine and was named Amixin [6]. Its high immunomodulatory activity has been established [5].…”