Facile Ball-Milling Synthesis of CuO/Biochar Nanocomposites for Efficient Removal of Reactive Red 120

Abstract

With the goal of improving the removal of anionic contaminants, copper oxide (CuO)-modified biochar (BC) nanocomposites were successfully prepared through simply ball milling CuO particles with BC. The physicochemical properties of the fabricated CuO/BC nanocomposites were systematically characterized by a series of techniques; their adsorption performances were assessed, and the main adsorption mechanism was revealed. X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the nanocomposites showed the strong interaction between CuO and BC and confirmed the success of the ball-milling syntheses. Because of strong electrostatic attraction between the embedded CuO nanoparticles and reactive red (RR120), the composited adsorbents exhibited excellent RR120 removal. The 10%-CuO/BC nanocomposite achieved the best RR120 removal efficiency (46%), which is much higher than that of pristine BC (20%). In addition, the adsorption was insensitive to the change of solution initial pH (4−10). The 10%-CuO/BC also showed fast adsorption kinetics (equilibrium time < 3 h) and extremely high adsorption capacity (Langmuir maximum capacity of 1399 mg g −1 ) to RR120 in aqueous solutions. Findings from this study demonstrate not only the strong feasibility of ball-milling synthesis of BC-based nanocomposites but also the promising potential of the CuO/BC nanocomposites to remove aqueous anionic contaminants.

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“…External variables, e.g., friction and pressure, constrain the particles in a desired shape and sizes to reduce in dimension [36]. For example, many approaches have been used in the processing of nanostructured materials in recent years, such as the ball milling process [37], the lithography process [38], the pyrolysis process [39], and the thermolysis process [40]. However, the top-down techniques have few drawbacks, e.g., large size variation, residual stresses, and therefore more surface defects.…”

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