Facile and Label-Free Detection of Lung Cancer Biomarker in Urine by Magnetically Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Abstract

Adenosine plays a crucial role in the regulation of physiological activity in various tissues and organs. As adenosine is a possible biomarker for cancer, the determination of its level presents a demanding task for deeply monitoring progress of diseases. Through the synthesis of Fe3O4/Au/Ag nanocomposites weaved and stabilized by phytic acid and its salt, we develop a magnetically assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) protocol to determine trace level adenosine in urine samples from both lung cancer patients and health human. The magnetic properties of the nanocomposites enable to realize the simple separation of targeted molecules from a complex matrix and the Au/Ag nanoparticles moieties act as the SERS platform. This label-free Fe3O4/Au/Ag-nanocomposites-based SERS protocol shows a good stability, reproducibility, time efficiency (less than 20 min for one sample test), and huge sensitivity down to 1 × 10(-10) M. The protocol also has high selectivity because SERS signal of adenosine provides the molecular fingerprint information as well as an azo coupling pretreatment is performed to remove the interference of urea. Furthermore, a SERS array is designed for on-site screening adenosine in urine samples in a massive way using a portable Raman. Such a magnetically assisted SERS method as a powerful alternative can be expected as a smart and promising tool for effective assessment of healthcare.

Laser-induced plasmonic heating on silver nanoparticles/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) mats for optimizing SERS detection

“…As a practice application, the resulting mats were immersed into a urea solution containing adenosine, and then the mats were taken out to conduct SERS experiments. Adenosine is regarded as a possible biomarker for monitoring the progress of lung cancer . SERS detection of adenosine in human urine suffered from urea interference due to the strong interaction of urea with AgNPs.…”

“…Adenosine is regarded as a possible biomarker for monitoring the progress of lung cancer. [55] SERS detection of adenosine in human urine suffered from urea interference due to the strong interaction of urea with AgNPs. In this work, taking advantage of the thermoresponsive shift of hydrophilic/hydrophobic states of AgNP/PNIPAAm mats, the interference of urea is totally negligible for the detection of adenosine (10 À4 M).…”

Application of nanoparticles in cancer detection by Raman scattering based techniques

“…Fe 3 O 4 @Ag serves both as SERS and as a concentration device [93]. Tianxi Yang et al [94] used Fe 3 O 4 /Au/Ag nanocomposites-based SERS to detect adenosine (as a possible biomarker for malignancies) in urine from a patient with lung cancer using a portable Raman spectrometer. Tracking of a specific biomarker, as already seen, is another popular method in cancer detection.…”

Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory study of energetically closely separated C2′‐endo and C3′‐endo pentose forms in purine nucleoside analogue drug‐gold conjugates

“…Several studies have been carried out to investigate the adsorption of adenine on metal nanoparticles (NPs) . Despite the large number of previous synthesized DNA base analogues, there is no study for the binding modes of the nucleoside on Au in connection with its amino and imino tautomeric isomers and C 2 ′‐endo and C 3 ′‐endo conformers.…”

“…Several studies have been carried out to investigate the adsorption of adenine on metal nanoparticles (NPs). [20][21][22] Despite the large number of previous synthesized DNA base analogues, there is no study for the binding modes of the nucleoside on Au in connection with its amino and imino tautomeric isomers and C 2 ′-endo and C 3 ′-endo conformers. In this work, we performed a Raman spectroscopic study of nucleoside in combination with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and potential energy analysis to estimate the potential of the drug molecules.…”