The Te Moana Conglomerate, of probable Permian age, occurs in a steeply plunging syncline in the headwaters of the Hae Hae Te Moana River, South Canterbury, New Zealand, and forms massive beds up to 30 m thick dominating a stratigraphic thickness of 250 m. The conglomerate grain size is clearly bimodal, consisting of a pebble population and a sandy matrix, whose size distributions barely overlap. The pebbles are mainly rounded and 10-45 mm across; they are (in decreasing order of abundance) potassic acid volcanics, argillite, granite, and lithic feldsarenite similar to the conglomerate matrix, with smaller variable amounts of altered basalt and dolerite, porphyritic andesite, cherty or quartzitic rocks, and sandy fossiliferous limestone. Most of the sedimentary rocks among the clasts are intrabasinal. The nearby Carboniferous Kakahu inlier is unlikely to represent the source, though both it and the conglomerate may have been supplied from the same source. Deposition was probably by gravity flows in the upper part of a submarine fan.