Facies, facies-associations and sediment transport/deposition processes in a late Precambrian upper basin-slope/pro-delta,, Finnmark, N. Norway

Pickering, Kevin T.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1984.015.01.23

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Graded sandstone and massive sandstone occur in a few horizons, constituting meter-thick sandy packets. This association of facies and the greater thickness of laminated muddy sediments are similar to that seen in channel-fill and overbank deposits in basin plain (Hesse and Dalton 1995), continental slope, or prodelta environments (Stow et al 1984;Pickering 1984). More detailed study is, however, needed for comprehensive interpretation.…”

Section: Geological Setting and Sedimentology Of The Osawa Formationsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Such layers are usually interpreted as subaqueous slump/slide deposits or as a variety of sedimentgravity-flow deposits originated by slope failure and following redeposition on the sediment surface (Cook 1979;Pickering 1982Pickering , 1984Myrow and Hiscott 1991;Maejima et al 1992;Tanaka et al 1992;Shanmugam et al 1994;Grimm and Orange 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment Flow and Deformation (SFD) Layers: Evidence for Intrastratal Flow in Laminated Muddy Sediments of the Triassic Osawa Formation, Northeast Japan

Kawakami¹,

Kawamura²

2002

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Thin chaotic layers containing abundant intraformational mud clasts are found in the offshore laminated mudstone of the Triassic Osawa Formation in northeast Japan. The geometry and internal structures of the layers are somewhat similar to those of slump/slide or debris-flow deposits, however, the layers have both upper and lower erosional contacts. Projections of host sediments and mud clasts with planed surfaces are identified beneath the upper contact of the layers. Closely packed sheet-form or ellipsoidal mud clasts are embedded in a poorly sorted fine-to coarse-grained sandy matrix. Some mud clasts are tightly folded, or show imbricated stacking. Internal layering structures are also well developed in the layers.The above features strongly suggest soft-sediment deformation as horizontal displacement of sand and mud under buried conditions. Here, we term these layers ''sediment flow and deformation (SFD) layers.'' Deformation layers with similar attributes have been identified by some prior authors, as in the case of flow of liquefied and/or fluidized host sand and clastic sill intrusion. However, the SFD layers described herein have more complex structure indicating advanced deformation.Occurrence of the SFD layers is stratigraphically limited to the uppermost part of the Osawa Formation, which is overlain by sand-rich submarine-fan deposits (the Fukkoshi Formation). It suggests that the stress field caused by differential loading of overlying deposits facilitated intrastratal flow and sill intrusions of sand. The vertical confinement was also controlled by the anisotropy in physical properties, such as tensile strength of laminated mud and/or conditions of gentle slope.

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Section: Geological Setting and Sedimentology Of The Osawa Formationsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Flow and Deformation (SFD) Layers: Evidence for Intrastratal Flow in Laminated Muddy Sediments of the Triassic Osawa Formation, Northeast Japan

Kawakami¹,

Kawamura²

2002

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…The Scar House Beds delta is unusual because the density currents deposited their load relatively near the mouth bar area (as evidenced by direct transition from these deposits into mouth bar deposits). In most turbidite-fronted deltaic sequences, there are usually slope deposits between the density-current deposits and the delta-top deposits (for example Collinson, 1969;Chan & Dott, 1983;Pickering, 1984;Heller & Dickinson, 1985;Lundegard, Samuels & Pryor, 1985). Common to all these examples is that the delta systems seem to have built into relatively deep water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvial, inertia‐dominated deltaic deposition in the Namurian (Carboniferous) of northern England

Martinsen

1990

Sedimentology

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The Namurian (Upper Carboniferous) Scar House Beds of Yorkshire, northern England, are an example of a fluvial‐dominated deltaic sequence that cannot be adequately described using existing classification schemes for deltas. For substantial periods of the Scar House delta history, inertial processes and hyperpycnal mixing prevailed in the river mouth area due to repeated, frequent flooding in the distributary system. This generated voluminous density currents which deposited their sandy loads in successively stacked lobes beyond the river mouth bar in the prodelta area. The position of a lobe was directly controlled by the position of an active river mouth. Only during periods of low discharge in the distributary system did homo‐ and hypopycnal mixing take place. In these periods, frictional and buoyant forces operated, and sand was deposited from tractional sheet flow on the mouth bar while mudstone was laid down in the otherwise density‐current‐dominated prodelta. Because of the dominantly hyperpycnal mixing mode, the river effluent experienced a low lateral spread causing an elongate delta lobe to form that in geometry can be compared with some recent and ancient ‘bar finger’ sands. Important differences exist in terms of dominant depositional processes however. Most other ‘bar finger’ sands were controlled by a hypopycnal mixing mode and buoyant forces (e.g. South Pass, Mississippi), while the Scar House delta was controlled by hyperpycnal mixing and inertial forces. This study shows that similar sand‐body geometries can be generated from different river mouth processes. In the future, particularly in the field of hydrocarbon exploration, there may be a need to classify deltas both in terms of geometry and dominant river mouth processes. In that respect, the Scar House Beds represent a fluvial, inertia‐dominated elongate delta.

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“…They indicate deposition adjacent to an unstable slope and, in particular, the occurrence of rooted slump folds and stacked, imbricated slump sheets (see Fig. 6a) implies deposition in a base-of-slope setting (Mutti & Ricci-Lucchi, 1972;Chough, 1984;Pickering, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse‐grained submarine fan and slope apron deposits in a Cretaceous back‐arc basin, Antarctica

Ineson

1989

Sedimentology

106

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The Cretaceous of west James Ross Island, Antarctica represents the proximal fill of a late Mesozoic backarc basin that was probably initiated by oblique extension during the early development of the Weddell Sea. The succession records sedimentation in two contrasting depositional systems: a laterally persistent slope apron flanking the faulted basin margin interrupted both spatially and temporally by coarse-grained submarine fans. Slope apron deposits are dominated by thinly interbedded turbiditic sandstones and mudstones (mudstone association), interspersed with non-channelized chaotic boulder beds, intraformational slump sheets and isolated exotic blocks representing a spectrum of mass-flow processes from debris flow to submarine gliding. Localized sand-rich sequences (sandstone-breccia association) represent sandy debris lobes at the mouths of active slope chutes. The submarine fan sediments (conglomerate association) are typified by coarse conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, intqrpreted as the deposits of high-density turbidity currents and non-cohesive debris flows. Three assemblages are recognized and are suggested to represent components of the inner channelled zone of coarse-grained submarine fans, from major fan channels through ephemeral, marginal channels or terraces to levee or interchannel environments.The occurrence of both slope apron and submarine fan depositional systems during the Early and Mid-Cretaceous is attributed to localized input of coarse arc-derived sediment along a tectonically active basin margin. Periods of extensive fan development were probably linked to regional tectonic uplift and rejuvenation of the arc source region; cyclicity within individual fan sequences is attributed to migration or switching of fan channels or canyons. Slope apron sedimentation was controlled largely by intrabasinal tectonics. Local unconformities and packets of amalgamated slide sheets and debris flow deposits probably reflect episodic movement on basin margin faults. Differential subsidence across the basin margin anchored the basin slope for at least 20 Myr and precluded basinward progradation of shallow marine environments. P R I N C E G U S T A V AMES ROSS Seymour Island Group (Tert.) Merambio Group (Upper Cret.-Tert.) 2 0 k m 5 8 Q W 5 7 ' W

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Facies, facies-associations and sediment transport/deposition processes in a late Precambrian upper basin-slope/pro-delta,, Finnmark, N. Norway

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Sediment Flow and Deformation (SFD) Layers: Evidence for Intrastratal Flow in Laminated Muddy Sediments of the Triassic Osawa Formation, Northeast Japan

Sediment Flow and Deformation (SFD) Layers: Evidence for Intrastratal Flow in Laminated Muddy Sediments of the Triassic Osawa Formation, Northeast Japan

Fluvial, inertia‐dominated deltaic deposition in the Namurian (Carboniferous) of northern England

Coarse‐grained submarine fan and slope apron deposits in a Cretaceous back‐arc basin, Antarctica

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