Facies, depositional environments, and anatomy of the Subis build-up in Sarawak, Malaysia: implications on other Miocene isolated carbonate build-ups

Saw, Bing B.; Schlaich, Markus; Pöppelreiter, Michael; Ramkumar, Mu.; Lunt, Peter; Vintaned, José Antonio Gámez; Ali, Syed Haroon

doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0571-6

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Relict/palaeo-hydrocarbon seepage was documented by the authors (Figure 3) during facies mapping and depositional environmental modelling of the Subis Limestone. The facies and petrographic information were reported in Saw et al (2019), and this paper documents the characteristics, implications on regional geology, and the petroleum system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relict hydrocarbon seeps in the Oligocene–Miocene Subis carbonate platform, Malaysia: Implications on hydrocarbon generation and migration pathways and potential sealing by shale gouging

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Occurrences of the highly productive, yet complex oil and gas-bearing Oligocene-Miocene buried carbonate platforms of the South China Sea and adjoining onshore equivalents necessitates understanding the form, timing and pathways of hydrocarbon migration plays. Here, we report the occurrence of structural-stratigraphic controls on relict seepage and evaluate the hydrocarbon generation and migration pathway in the exposed Subis carbonate platform. Our results show that the seepages occur essentially along a post-depositional fault plane located along the flank of a Miocene reef. The samples (n: 3) contain 0.14-1.42% of total organic carbon (TOC).The Hydrogen Index (HI) varies between 72 and 147 Mg HC/g TOC and the Oxygen Index (OI) from 32 to 234 mg CO 2 /g TOC. Similarly, the Production Index (PI) varies between 0.11 and 0.26. The source rock potentials are poor (n = 2) and good (n = 1).The studied samples show the T max uniformly as 433 C and PI values >0.1 and are therefore thermally immature. The occurrence of seepages sampled along the eastern flank of Subis buildup falls in the autochthonous field, indicating that the hydrocarbon was produced within the indigenous formation (Subis Limestone). This indicates absence of migration from deeper and older layers. However, occurrence of this seepage along a fault plane probably reactivated immediately after lithification of the Oligocene-Miocene carbonate bioherm and affected the matrix of the rocks, suggest that the hydrocarbon generated might have moved upward along this fault plane, assimilated into the host rock, especially in the finer matrix portions of the carbonates. The presence of CO 2 at temperatures between 300-550 C is also suggestive of an organic matter origin or solution seams of the Subis Limestone and this inference obviates migration from deep-seated faults and any connectivity and/or openness of the petroleum system between the subsurface and the atmosphere.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…An examination of larger benthic foraminifera: Austrotrillina sp., Lepidocyclina sp., Miogypsina sp., Operculina sp., Amphistegina sp., and Cycloclypeus sp. (Burr & Crews, 1950;Dedeche, Pierson, & Hunter, 2013;Haak, 1955;Haile, 1962;Hutchison, 2005;Liechti et al, 1960;Roohi, 1994), rev-…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relict hydrocarbon seeps in the Oligocene–Miocene Subis carbonate platform, Malaysia: Implications on hydrocarbon generation and migration pathways and potential sealing by shale gouging

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interpretation Foraminifera occur as the concentration of tests in tidal bars and channel of lagoons (SMF 18;FZ 8 andFZ7 Wilson 1975 andFlügel 2010, correspondingly). The diversity of foraminifera, sedimentary structures, and grain size indicates high energy and deposition in distal ramp margin to lagoon over the fair-weather wave base (Scholle et al 1983;Brachert 1992;Saw et al 2017Saw et al , 2019El-Yamani et al 2018;Bi et al 2019;Awais et al 2019;Mohammadi 2020;Kamran et al 2020). The bad sustentation of the foraminifera existing as moulds in thin sections restricted their naming to genus level.…”

Section: Foraminiferalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary facies, depositional environments and conceptual outcrop analogue (Dam Formation, early Miocene) Eastern Arabian Platform, Saudi Arabia: a new high-resolution approach

Ali

Abdullatif

Babalola

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the facies and depositional environment of the early Miocene Dam Formation, Eastern Arabian platform, Saudi Arabia. Deposition of Dam Formation (Fm.) was considered as a restricted shallow marine deposition. Few studies suggest the role of sea-level change in its deposition but were without decisive substantiation. Here, we describe the facies and high-resolution model of Dam Fm. under varying depositional conditions. The depositional conditions were subjected to changing relative sea level and tectonics. High-resolution outcrop photographs, sedimentological logs, and thin sections present that the mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sequence was affected by a regional tectonics. The lower part of Dam Fm. presents the development of carbonate ramp conditions that are represented by limestones and marl. The depositional conditions fluctuated with the fall of sea level, and uplift in the region pushed the siliciclastic down-dip and covered the whole platform. The subsequent rise in sea level was not as pronounced and thus allowed the deposition of microbial laminites and stromatolitic facies. The southeast outcrops, down-dip, are more carbonate prone as compared to the northwest outcrop, which allowed the deposition of siliciclastic-prone sedimentation up-dip. All facies, architecture, heterogeneity, and deposition were controlled by tectonic events including uplift, subsidence, tilting, and syn-sedimentary faulting, consequently affecting relative sea level. The resulting conceptual outcrop model would help to improve our understanding of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic systems and serve as an analogue for other stratigraphic units in the Arabian plate and region. Our results show that Dam Fm. can be a good target for exploration in the Northern Arabian Gulf.

show abstract

“…The limestones of the Tuwaiq Mountain Formation are greatly affected by tectonic and diagenetic stages during various geological ages in the form of fractures, pores and cements (Ali & Abdullatif, 2015; Ali et al, 2016; Saw et al, 2017, 2019; Radwan et al, 2021, 2022; Abouelresh et al, 2022; Abdullah et al, 2022). These characteristics must also be considered when evaluating industrial projects and work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the influence of the degree of saturation on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks in the Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain Formation (Saudi Arabia)

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the impact of saturation levels on the mechanical and physical properties of limestone and marly limestone deposits is very critical for geotechnical and mechanical studies in the energy and construction industries. This research aims to link the strength characteristics of carbonate rock (limestone and marly limestone) with physical and mechanical properties at saturation levels of 0, 0.25, 50%, 75% and 100%. To complete this work, 100 samples were collected and analysed employing an orderly research facility testing. According to experimental findings, the strength and durability of the limestone and marly limestone declined with rising saturation levels, while the P‐wave velocity Vp showed an upward trend from 0% to 100%. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the limestones employed in this research significantly decreased (up to 36%) between the dry and saturated stages for limestone samples. While marly limestone, there is a drop (up to 32%) in UCS. The findings of a straightforward regression study show that it is possible to predict the strength properties of rocks directly from various saturation levels. Additionally, a number of various estimate connections were created utilizing independent variables like Vp and saturation level. The experimental outcomes showed that Vp showed an upward tendency with an increasing degree of saturation. The deformability and strength parameters of the samples declined with increasing saturation degrees. The elastic modulus and strength both decrease as clay and water amounts increase. The quality index (QI) number for limestone is 45, which indicates that it has extremely good quality and can be used as a building material at 0% saturation. At 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% saturation, it is evaluated at 43, 40, 33 and 31, respectively. The marly limestone samples have high quality at 0% (QI = 36), but poor quality at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% saturation (QI = 33, 30, 27 and 23). This research provides a better understanding of the relationship between saturation levels and the mechanical, physical and depositional characteristics of marly limestone and limestone, which might be helpful in industrial studies. Advance examination of distinctive sorts of carbonate rocks can be more supportive of broadening our understanding of this idea.

show abstract

Facies, depositional environments, and anatomy of the Subis build-up in Sarawak, Malaysia: implications on other Miocene isolated carbonate build-ups

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Relict hydrocarbon seeps in the Oligocene–Miocene Subis carbonate platform, Malaysia: Implications on hydrocarbon generation and migration pathways and potential sealing by shale gouging

Relict hydrocarbon seeps in the Oligocene–Miocene Subis carbonate platform, Malaysia: Implications on hydrocarbon generation and migration pathways and potential sealing by shale gouging

Sedimentary facies, depositional environments and conceptual outcrop analogue (Dam Formation, early Miocene) Eastern Arabian Platform, Saudi Arabia: a new high-resolution approach

Experimental study of the influence of the degree of saturation on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks in the Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain Formation (Saudi Arabia)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About