Facies characterization and depositional environment of Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) from selected sections in the Kurdistan region, Northern Iraq

Asaad, Irfan Sh.; Omer, Muhamed F.

doi:10.1007/s12517-020-06280-z

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The depositional model of the Baluti Formation at Warte section and other localities in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. (Galley Derash and Sararu sections after Asaad and Omer (2020) and Bakerman, Bekhme, Bjeel, and Gulak wells after Csató et al (2014)) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depositional environment of the Baluti Formation in the Warte section is relatively shallower compared to other localities toward the west of the Iraqi Kurdistan region, for example, at Galley Derash in the High Folded Zone and Sararu area in the Northern Thrust Zone, which were deposited in a shallow marine environment including lagoonal, shoal, and fore‐shoal settings (Asaad & Omer, 2020). The stressed shallow water environment of the Baluti Formation in the studied section is indicated by the absence of ooids, coated grains, dasycladacean green algae, red algae, ammonoids, and ripple marks, which were observed in both the Galley Derash and Sararu sections (Asaad & Omer, 2020). Whereas, in Bakirman‐1, Bjeel‐1,2,3,7, Bekhma‐1, and Gulak‐1 wells toward the southwest of Warte area, it was deposited in a tidal flat, lagoonal, and evaporitic environment, which formed from dolomite and dolomitic, silicified and oolitic limestones with green shales and anhydrite replacements (Csató et al, 2014) that refers to a shallower and more restricted setting than the Warte area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first description of the Baluti Formation by Bellen et al (1959) in it is type section, there have been several published articles on the Baluti Formation in the outcrops of Northern Iraq. This includes the works of Buday (1980), Jassim and Goff (2006), Hanna (2007), Aqrawi, Goff, Horbury, and Sadooni (2010), Al‐Juboury and McCann (2015), Shingaly (2016), Al‐Mashaikie, Abdul‐Razzak, and Naser (2016), Al‐Mashaikie (2017), Al‐Mashaikie and Abdul‐Razzak (2017), Asaad (2019), Asaad and Omer (2019), Lunn, Miller, and Samarrai (2019), Azo, Hanna, and Edilbi (2020), and Asaad and Omer (2020), which have all focused mainly on the stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeontology of the studied formation. The main aim of this article is a detailed investigation of the sedimentological aspect of the Baluti Formation in the studied section in terms of lithostratigraphy, petrography, diagenesis, mineralogy, facies analysis, and subdivisions, in order to understand further the lateral continuity of its depositional environment in areas that have not been studied previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentology of the Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) in the Warte area, northeastern Iraqi Kurdistan region

et al. 2021

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A detailed sedimentological investigation of the Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) in the Warte section, Imbricated Zone, northeastern Kurdistan region of Iraq has been undertaken for the first time. The formation is comprised of 34 m of dolomitic limestone, marly limestone, and marly dolomitic limestone which is partially brecciated and all interbedded with shale and several beds of marl in the lower part. Based on the field observations and petrographic inspections, four different lithostratigraphic units were identified in the studied section, which are, in ascending order: marly dolomitic limestone interbedded with marl and shale unit, brecciated marly dolomitic limestone interbedded with shale unit, fractured marly dolomitic limestone unit, and marly limestone interbedded with shale unit. The petrographic study of 19 thin sections of Baluti carbonates shows that the majority are composed of carbonate mud (micrite). The skeletal grains include ostracods, calcispheres, benthonic foraminifera, gastropods, bivalves, clasts, and bioclasts. While non‐skeletal grains include peloids, intraclasts, and extraclasts. The results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of five samples and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of three samples of the shale and marl of the studied formation show that the main clay mineral is illite, whereas non‐clay mineral is dolomite. The carbonate rocks of the Baluti Formation were subjected to different diagenetic processes, such as micritization, dolomitization, cementation, compaction, solution, pyritization, neomorphism, and fracturing. Three main microfacies were identified in the Baluti carbonates and according to their environmental interpretation, they are grouped into one basic type of facies association—subtidal‐semi restricted lagoon. Field observation, petrographic, microfacies, and textural analysis indicate that the Baluti Formation in the Warte section was deposited in a shallow marine, subtidal (lagoon) environment with semi‐restricted conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentology of the Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) in the Warte area, northeastern Iraqi Kurdistan region

et al. 2021

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“…Since the 1990s, machine learning algorithms have gradually been applied to the study of geomechanical properties of bridge construction and related research on the properties of damaged parts of bridges [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Research on Engineering Geomechanics Characteristics and CFRP Reinforcement Technology Based on Machine Learning Algorithms

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Scientific Programming

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We have completed the design of an early warning and evaluation analysis module based on machine learning algorithms. Aiming at the prestressed CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete bridges under natural exposure, we developed a theoretical model to analyze the long-term prestress loss of reinforced parts and the adhesion behavior of the CFRP-concrete interface under natural exposure conditions. The analysis deeply reveals the technical and engineering geomechanics characteristics of the D bridge. At the same time, through a series of experimental studies on the D bridge condition monitoring system, the data acquisition and transmission, processing and control of the D bridge condition monitoring system, and the bridge condition monitoring and evaluation software are provided. Regarding how to repair the engineering geomechanical characteristics of D bridge, we mentioned the prestressed CFRP reinforcement technology. The prestressed carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) structure made of reinforced concrete (RC) makes better use of the high-strength characteristics of CFRP and changes. It strengthens the stress distribution of the components and improves the overall strength of the components. It is more supported by engineers in the civil engineering and transportation departments. However, most prestressed CFRP-reinforced RC structures are located in natural exposure environments, and the effect of natural exposure environments on the long-term mechanical properties of prestressed C FRP-reinforced RC components is still unclear. This article mainly uses the research on the engineering geomechanics characteristics and reinforcement technology of the bridge body, so that people have a deep understanding of its concept, and provides reasonable use methods and measures for the maintenance and protection of the bridge body in the future. This paper studies the characteristics of engineering geomechanics based on machine learning algorithms and applies them to the research of CFRP reinforcement technology, aiming to promote its better development.

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Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Baluti Formation, Northern Iraq

Hussain

Al-Juboury

Al-Haj

et al. 2021

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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Facies characterization and depositional environment of Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) from selected sections in the Kurdistan region, Northern Iraq

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Sedimentology of the Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) in the Warte area, northeastern Iraqi Kurdistan region

Sedimentology of the Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) in the Warte area, northeastern Iraqi Kurdistan region

Research on Engineering Geomechanics Characteristics and CFRP Reinforcement Technology Based on Machine Learning Algorithms

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Baluti Formation, Northern Iraq

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