Facies characteristics of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) ice-margin subaqueous fan and delta deposits, glacial Lake Leine, NW Germany

Winsemann, Jutta; Asprion, Ulrich; Meyer, Thomas; Schramm, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.027

Cited by 85 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…13g). Thick sand bodies exposed in southern Simcoe County boreholes (SU5) were likely deposited in subaquatic fan or progradational environments (e.g., Winsemann et al 2007), and their vertical stacking within the otherwise fine-grained succession may record still stands or slight regressions during phases of ice retreat. The increased thickness and coarser grain size of sand bodies in the north and northeast (Fig.…”

Section: Regional Correlations and Implications For Ice Sheet Reconstmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

Mulligan

Bajc

2018

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Recent three-dimensional mapping investigations in southern Simcoe County, Ontario, allow refinement of the existing regional stratigraphic framework. Analysis of 25 continuously cored boreholes has revealed a complex but consistent sediment succession that provides a record of the last two glacial cycles (Marine Isotope Stages 1-6). Five stratigraphic units (SU1-SU5) comprise the pre-Late Wisconsin record. The stratigraphy is floored by a presumed Illinoian glacial complex consisting of a lower, coarse-grained till (SU1), locally overlain by stratified glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments (SU2), but more commonly capped by a stone-poor, fine-grained till (SU3) of the Georgian Bay lobe. A widespread subaerial unconformity developed on the upper surface of SU3 contains organic-bearing, nonglacial deposits (SU4) ranging between 54 800 ± 3000 years BP (considered beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating) and 37 450 ± 590 14 C years BP. SU4 is abruptly overlain by a thick succession of rhythmically laminated lacustrine muds graded upwards into glaciolacustrine silts and clays interrupted by regionally continuous sand bodies (SU5). The succession is capped (and locally truncated) by Late Wisconsin Newmarket Till. The sedimentary record of southern Simcoe County is correlated with other well-studied reference sections in southern Ontario and contains information that informs reconstructions of former ice extents in the lower Great Lakes region following the Illinoian glaciation. Several sediment units host aquifers, but limited thickness and spatial extent, as well as issues with naturally occurring dissolved gases and solids, restrict their use for groundwater supply.Résumé : Des études cartographiques tridimensionnelles récentes dans le sud du comté de Simcoe, en Ontario, permettent de peaufiner le cadre stratigraphique régional existant. L'analyse de 25 forages carottés en continu révèle une séquence sédimen-taire complexe mais cohérente qui offre un profil des deux derniers cycles glaciaires (étages 1-6 de la stratigraphie isotopique marine). Cinq unités stratigraphiques (SU1-SU5) renferment le profil pré-wisconsinien tardif. La base de la coupe stratigraphique est un complexe glaciaire d'âge illinoien présumé consistant en un till inférieur à grains grossiers (SU1) sur lequel reposent localement des sédiments glaciolacustres et fluvioglaciaires stratifiés (SU2), mais qui est plus couramment recouvert d'un till à grains fins pauvre en pierres (SU3) du lobe de la baie Georgienne. Une discordance subaérienne répandue formée sur la surface supérieure de SU3 contient des dépôts non glaciaires contenant de la matière organique (SU4) allant de 54 800 ± 3000 années BP (considéré comme étant hors des limites de la datation au radiocarbone) à 37 450 ± 590 14 C années BP. SU4 est abruptement recouverte par une épaisse séquence de boues lacustres à laminations rythmiques passant vers le haut à des silts et des argiles glaciolacustres interrompus par des corps de sable d'ampleur régionale (SU5). La séquence e...

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Section: Regional Correlations and Implications For Ice Sheet Reconstmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

Mulligan

Bajc

2018

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…Cross-stratified sands ( Deposition by unidirectional, tractional currents. Cross-strata record the migration of dunes (Winsemann et al, 2007). Deposition from sustained hyperpycnal currents subject to waxing and waning (Hansen, 2004).…”

Section: Siltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Facies 7 and 8 were deposited by gravitational avalanches and debris flows following accumulation on the upper delta slope (Nemec, 1990;Plink-Björklund and Ronnert, 1999;Hansen, 2004). Facies 3, 4, and 6 record the activity of turbidity currents either due to underflow of sedimentladen river water or flow transformation (Kneller and Buckee, 2000;Winsemann et al, 2007). The presence of softsediment deformation structures and absence of bioturbation suggest a rapid sedimentation rate for FA III.…”

Section: Fa III -Delta-slope Facies Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusely stratified gravels with imbrication (facies 9) and planar-parallel laminated sands (facies 6) indicate bedload transport by unidirectional currents of varying strength (Miall, 2010). Cross-stratified sand beds record the migration of dunes in braided-river channels or distributary systems (Miall, 2006;Winsemann et al, 2007). Massive pebbly sands (facies 7) are deposits of pseudoplastic debris flows (Miall, 2010).…”

Section: Fa IV -Terrace-top Facies Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have presented models for infilling of formerly glaciated fjord valleys from Greenland (Hansen, 2001(Hansen, , 2004, Norway (Nemec et al, 1999;Eilertsen et al, 2006;Hansen et al, 2009;Eilertsen et al, 2011), Canada (Marchand et al, 2013), Sweden (Plink-Björklund andRonnert, 1999), and Germany (Winsemann et al, 2007). These investigations demonstrate that fjord valleys are primarily infilled during deglaciation and RSL fall, resulting in a complex stratigraphy, which can vary substantially between locations.…”

Section: Application To Other Fjord Valleysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The Zackenberg River delta is located in northeast Greenland (74 • 30 N, 20 • 30 E) at the outlet of the Zackenberg fjord valley. The fjord-valley fill consists of a series of terraced deltaic deposits (ca. 2 km 2 ) formed during relative sea-level (RSL) fall. We investigated the deposits using sedimentological and cryostratigraphic techniques together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We identify four facies associations in sections (4 to 22 m in height) exposed along the modern Zackenberg River and coast. Facies associations relate to (I) overriding glaciers, (II) retreating glaciers and quiescent glaciomarine conditions, (III) delta progradation in a fjord valley, and (IV) fluvial activity and niveo-aeolian processes. Pore, layered, and suspended cryofacies are identified in two 20 m deep ice-bonded sediment cores. The cryofacies distribution, together with low overall ground-ice content, indicates that permafrost is predominately epigenetic in these deposits. Fourteen OSL ages constrain the deposition of the cored deposits to between approximately 13 and 11 ka, immediately following deglaciation. The timing of permafrost aggradation was closely related to delta progradation and began following the subaerial exposure of the delta plain (ca. 11 ka). Our results reveal information concerning the interplay between deglaciation, RSL change, sedimentation, permafrost aggradation, and the timing of these events. These findings have implications for the timing and mode of permafrost aggradation in other fjord valleys in northeast Greenland.

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Experimental modeling of pressurized subglacial water flow: Implications for tunnel valley formation

et al. 2016

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Tunnel valleys are elongated hollows commonly found in formerly glaciated areas and interpreted as resulting from subglacial meltwater erosion beneath ice sheets. Over the past two decades, the number of studies of terrestrial tunnel valleys has continuously increased, and their existence has been hypothesized also on Mars, but their formation mechanisms remain poorly understood. We introduce here an innovative experimental approach to examine erosion by circulation of pressurized meltwater within the substratum and at the ice/substratum interface. We used a permeable substratum (sand) partially covered by a viscous, impermeable, and transparent cap (silicon putty), below which we applied a central injection of pure water. Low water pressures led to groundwater circulation in the substratum only, while water pressures exceeding a threshold that is larger than the sum of the glaciostatic and lithostatic pressures led to additional water circulation and formation of drainage landforms at the cap/substratum interface. The formation of these drainage landforms was monitored through time, and their shapes were analyzed from digital elevation models obtained by stereo-photogrammetry. The experimental landforms include valleys that are similar to natural tunnel valleys in their spatial organization and in a number of diagnostic morphological criteria, such as undulating longitudinal profiles and "tunnel" shapes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overpressurized subglacial water circulation controls the formation of tunnel valleys.Tunnel valleys are elongated and overdeepened hollows, up to hundreds of kilometers long, several kilometers wide and hundreds of meters deep, and their formation is generally attributed to subglacial meltwater erosion [Ó Cofaigh, 1996;Huuse and Lykke-Andersen, 2000]. They are generally exposed at the emplacement of former ice sheet margins

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Facies characteristics of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) ice-margin subaqueous fan and delta deposits, glacial Lake Leine, NW Germany

Cited by 85 publications

References 51 publications

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland

Experimental modeling of pressurized subglacial water flow: Implications for tunnel valley formation

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