Facies and stratigraphic architecture of the late Pleistocene to early Holocene tide-dominated paleo-Changjiang (Yangtze River) delta

Mud‐rich delta‐scale compound clinoforms in the Triassic shelf of northern Pangea (Havert Formation, south‐western Barents Sea)

“…However, the presence in the upper part of FA3 of mud drapes, rapid grain‐size variations associated with mud drapes and possible bidirectional palaeocurrents are interpreted as tidal influence within the channel. Furthermore, the uniform grain size, fine‐grained nature of the deposits (absence of coarse grain sizes), and good sorting are indicative of a rather distal setting (Zhang et al ., ). Based on these points and the stratigraphic position of FA3 (between FA1 , FA2 and FA6 ), the deposits are interpreted as belonging to a subaqueous distributary channel, characterized by considerable fluvial influence but affected by tidal action.…”

“…The interpretation of these systems in the rock record can be additionally complicated by the fact that the major facies belts are in some cases dominated by fine-grained heterolithic deposits (e.g. Martinius et al, 2001;Birgenheier et al, 2017;Klausen et al, 2017b;Zhang et al, 2017), which can occur in a wide range of sub-environments (from intertidal flats and marshes to subtidal estuarine and deltaic; Jaeger & Nittrouer, 1995), and with features that can be generated by more than a single depositional process (e.g. Reineck & Wunderlich, 1968;Terwindt, 1988;Rossi et al, 2017).…”

“…1) with the development of a wide and shallow subaqueous platform or subaqueous delta (Swenson et al, 2005;Helland-Hansen & Hampson, 2009;Dalrymple, 2010;Goodbred & Saito, 2012;, in which the deposits are usually dominated by fine-grained heteroliths (e.g. Kuehl et al, 1986;Cattaneo et al, 2003;Storms et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2017). Compound clinoform deltas are characterized by two rollover points, one at the shoreline and one at the subaqueous topset-foreset transition (Fig.…”

“…These two clinoforms are genetically related and can prograde basinward at the same time, although at rates that can be different (Patruno et al, 2015a). The detailed characteristics of the expression in the rock record of these compound systems are still significantly lacking (Zhang et al, 2017) and only recently have new facies models been developed based on very few ancient examples (Vakarelov et al, 2012;Patruno et al, 2015b;Birgenheier et al, 2017;Hampson & Premwichein, 2017;Peng et al, 2018).…”

“…The Uralian-derived Havert Formation is dominated by heterolithic deposits, and it represents the first clastic input in the basin above the Permian-Triassic boundary. A correct characterization of these heterolithic deposits in terms of depositional environment is of great significance from a scientific point of view and for hydrocarbon exploration, not only because it affects reservoir distribution and heterogeneities (Vakarelov & Ainsworth, 2013;Feldman & Demko, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017) but also because the areal extent of these deposits can be extremely significant (up to hundreds of Hampson, 2009;Patruno et al, 2015a;Peng et al, 2018). kilometres alongshore and tens to 100 km into the basin; e.g.…”