Facial speech gestures: the relation between visual speech processing, phonological awareness, and developmental dyslexia in 10‐year‐olds

Schaadt, Gesa; Männel, Claudia; Meer, Elke van der; Pannekamp, Ann; Friederici, Angela D.

doi:10.1111/desc.12346

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…A passive audio–visual oddball paradigm was constructed from the syllables /pa/ and /ga/, because the phonemes /p/ and /g/ distinguish between different word meanings in German (e.g., /platt/− flat vs. /glatt/– slippery ) and have been shown to be discriminable both auditorily and visually ( Schaadt et al 2015 , 2016 , 2019 ). Children were presented with a video of a frequently occurring standard mouth movement while hearing either the congruently produced syllable or a mismatching syllable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Prestimulus Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia Support an Underlying Attention Shifting Deficit

Meyer

Schaadt

2020

Cerebral Cortex Communications

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Abstract Developmental dyslexia (DD) impairs reading and writing acquisition in 5–10% of children, compromising schooling, academic success, and everyday adult life. DD associates with reduced phonological skills, evident from a reduced auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). It was argued that such phonological deficits are secondary to an underlying deficit in the shifting of attention to upcoming speech sounds. Here, we tested whether the aberrant MMN in individuals with DD is a function of EEG correlates of prestimulus attention shifting; based on prior findings, we focused prestimulus analyses on alpha-band oscillations. We administered an audio–visual oddball paradigm to school children with and without DD. Children with DD showed EEG markers of deficient attention switching (i.e., increased prestimulus alpha-band intertrial phase coherence [ITPC]) to precede and predict their reduced MMN—aberrantly increased ITPC predicted an aberrantly reduced MMN. In interaction, ITPC and MMN predicted reading abilities, such that poor readers showed both high ITPC and a reduced MMN, the reverse being true in good readers. Prestimulus ITPC may be an overlooked biomarker of deficient attention shifting in DD. The findings support the proposal that an attention shifting deficit underlies phonological deficits in DD, entailing new opportunities for targeted intervention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Prestimulus Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia Support an Underlying Attention Shifting Deficit

Meyer

Schaadt

2020

Cerebral Cortex Communications

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“…One is the number of participants. Although the sample size is similar, or even larger, than in previous comparable research on facial speech processing in dyslexia (e.g., Rüsseler et al, 2018;Schaadt et al, 2016), it is fully possible that with even greater number of participants, and increased statistical power, more subtle differences between groups would be statistically apparent. That would also allow for a more robust exploration of mediating and moderating effects such as those of age, gender, general cognitive ability, and comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental or psychopathological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…804). Similarly, Schaadt et al ( 2016 ) presented dyslexic and non-dyslexic 10-year-olds with a video recording of a speaker’s mouth that was silently pronouncing syllables. They found that non-dyslexic children displayed an increased posterior response to a sudden change in the “pronounced” syllable (known as the visual mismatch response (vMMR)) consistent with processing of visual input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial speech processing in children with and without dyslexia

et al. 2021

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What role does the presence of facial speech play for children with dyslexia? Current literature proposes two distinctive claims. One claim states that children with dyslexia make less use of visual information from the mouth during speech processing due to a deficit in recruitment of audiovisual areas. An opposing claim suggests that children with dyslexia are in fact reliant on such information in order to compensate for auditory/phonological impairments. The current paper aims at directly testing these contrasting hypotheses (here referred to as “mouth insensitivity” versus “mouth reliance”) in school-age children with and without dyslexia, matched on age and listening comprehension. Using eye tracking, in Study 1, we examined how children look at the mouth across conditions varying in speech processing demands. The results did not indicate significant group differences in looking at the mouth. However, correlation analyses suggest potentially important distinctions within the dyslexia group: those children with dyslexia who are better readers attended more to the mouth while presented with a person’s face in a phonologically demanding condition. In Study 2, we examined whether the presence of facial speech cues is functionally beneficial when a child is encoding written words. The results indicated lack of overall group differences on the task, although those with less severe reading problems in the dyslexia group were more accurate when reading words that were presented with articulatory facial speech cues. Collectively, our results suggest that children with dyslexia differ in their “mouth reliance” versus “mouth insensitivity,” a profile that seems to be related to the severity of their reading problems.

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“…Electrode impedances were kept below 5 kΩ in most cases (at least below 10 kΩ). We digitized the electrical signals with a sampling rate of 500 Hz (Schaadt, Männel, van der Meer, Pannekamp, & Friederici, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATP2C2andDYX1C1are putative modulators of dyslexia‐related MMR

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDyslexia is a specific learning disorder affecting reading and spelling abilities. Its prevalence is ~5% in German‐speaking individuals. Although the etiology of dyslexia largely remains to be determined, comprehensive evidence supports deficient phonological processing as a major contributing factor. An important prerequisite for phonological processing is auditory discrimination and, thus, essential for acquiring reading and spelling skills. The event‐related potential Mismatch Response (MMR) is an indicator for auditory discrimination capabilities with dyslexics showing an altered late component of MMR in response to auditory input.MethodsIn this study, we comprehensively analyzed associations of dyslexia‐specific late MMRs with genetic variants previously reported to be associated with dyslexia‐related phenotypes in multiple studies comprising 25 independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 genes.ResultsFirst, we demonstrated validity of these SNPs for dyslexia in our sample by showing that additional inclusion of a polygenic risk score improved prediction of impaired writing compared with a model that used MMR alone. Secondly, a multifactorial regression analysis was conducted to uncover the subset of the 25 SNPs that is associated with the dyslexia‐specific late component of MMR. In total, four independent SNPs within DYX1C1 and ATP2C2 were found to be associated with MMR stronger than expected from multiple testing. To explore potential pathomechanisms, we annotated these variants with functional data including tissue‐specific expression analysis and eQTLs.ConclusionOur findings corroborate the late component of MMR as a potential endophenotype for dyslexia and support tripartite relationships between dyslexia‐related SNPs, the late component of MMR and dyslexia.

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Facial speech gestures: the relation between visual speech processing, phonological awareness, and developmental dyslexia in 10‐year‐olds

Cited by 13 publications

References 91 publications

Aberrant Prestimulus Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia Support an Underlying Attention Shifting Deficit

Aberrant Prestimulus Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia Support an Underlying Attention Shifting Deficit

Facial speech processing in children with and without dyslexia

ATP2C2andDYX1C1are putative modulators of dyslexia‐related MMR

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