Facial soft tissue thickness database for craniofacial reconstruction in the Turkish adult population

Bulut, Özgür; Sipahioglu, Serdar; Hekįmoğlu, Baki

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.012

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The thicker STTs in the cheek region in females have been observed in a number of studies [2,5,10,16,19,20,21,28,29,30].…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It has been established that gender has a significant effect on the facial STTs at glabella [10,30], nasal region [10,15,19,22,31], lower part of the nose area [2], mouth [2,5,13,22,31], chin [5,13], orbital region [13,15,31], cheek region [13,19] as well as at the landmarks on the mandible [10,13,19,22,30] and maxilla [10,15,19,30].…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STT data have been obtained on X-ray images as well, allowing these measurements to be taken in vivo [1,11,14]. However, at present, such data have been collected from living individuals using ultrasound [1,4,6,13,33], magnetic resonance imaging [23], and computed tomography (CT), including data from multislice CT [3,10,15,20], spiral CT [2,9,19, 31] and cone-beam CT [16,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there are many datasets available for various population groups from Europe [5,6,15,19,31], Asia [2,9,16,18,23,29], North America [4,21], South America [22,30], Africa [1,3,13,20], and Australia [8,24,28]. For some of the population groups, the presence of significant interpopulation differences in the facial soft tissues has been established in the comparison with other close or distant populations [2,3,13,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

et al. 2018

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The aim of the study is to measure the facial soft tissue thicknesses (STTs) in Bulgarians, to evaluate the relation of the STTs to the nutritional status, sex and bilateral asymmetry, and to examine the correlations between the separate STTs as well as between the STTs and body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). In the present study, the facial STTs were measured on computed tomography scans of the head of Bulgarian adults. The STTs were measured at 7 midline and 9 bilateral landmarks. The measurements were performed in the free software InVesalius in the axial and sagittal planes. The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, median and coefficient of variation were reported for the STT at each landmark according to the sex and BMI category. The BMI, sex and bilateral differences were assessed for statistical significance. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the strength and direction of the relationships between the STTs and body height, weight and BMI, as well as between separate STTs. The facial soft tissues in Bulgarian adults changed in accordance with the nutritional status of the individual and in both sexes all STTs augmented with the increasing BMI. For both normal and overweight BMI categories, males had more soft tissue at the majority of facial points than females, as the only exceptions were observed in the cheek zone, where STTs were thicker in females. Significant bilateral differences were observed in either sex and BMI category. Stronger correlations were established for the STTs in the jaw region and between the cheek and jaw soft tissues. Besides, the correlations between the homologous bilateral landmarks were among the strongest ones.

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“…The thicker STTs in the cheek region in females have been observed in a number of studies [2,5,10,16,19,20,21,28,29,30].…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

et al. 2018

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“…Facial shape reconstruction from skulls of dead bodies is used to recreate the ante-mortem face of an unidentified person [7]. This technique is called facial approximation or (cranio) facial reconstruction and is strictly connected to the evaluation of Facial Soft-Tissue Thickness (FSTT) [8], also called Tissue Depths (TD) [9]. Basically, "accepting that craniofacial soft tissue depths play a fundamental role in the development of an effective facial approximation, it is essential that tissue depth datasets appropriately approximate modern populations" [ [10]: page 146e8].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Landmarks for Forensic Skull-Based 3D Face Reconstruction: A Literature Review

Vezzetti

Marcolin

Tornincasa

et al. 2016

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Recent Face Analysis advances have focused the attention on studying and formalizing 3D facial shape. Landmarks, i.e. typical points of the face, are perfectly suited to the purpose, as their position on visage shape allows to build up a map of each human being's appearance. This turns to be extremely useful for a large variety of fields and related applications. In particular, the forensic context is taken into consideration in this study. This work is intended as a survey of current research advances in forensic science involving 3D facial landmarks. In particular, by selecting recent scientific contributions in this field, a literature review is proposed for in-depth analyzing which landmarks are adopted, and how, in this discipline. The main outcome concerns the identification of a leading research branch, which is landmark-based facial reconstruction from skull. The choice of selecting 3D contributions is driven by the idea that the most innovative Face Analysis research trends work on three-dimensional data, such as depth maps and meshes, with three-dimensional software and tools. The third dimension improves the accurateness and is robust to colour and lightning variations.

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Turning the tables of sex distinction in craniofacial identification: Why females possess thicker facial soft tissues than males, not vice versa

Stephan

Preisler

Bulut

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Males are universally reported to possess larger facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) than females, however, this observation oversimplifies the raw data yielding an underpowered assessment of FSTT sex-patterning where: differences are small (η(2) < 5%) and inconsistent (females are routinely larger than males at the cheeks). Here we investigate body-size normalized data to assess whether more general and improved understanding of FSTT sex-variation in humans is possible. FSTTs were measured in 52 healthy living Australians aged 18 to 30 years using B-mode ultrasound. Participants' stature and body mass were also measured. Sex differences were calculated before and after normalization by the aforementioned body-composition variables. Methods were repeated in three other independent samples to evaluate reproducibility: 100 American Whites and 60 American Blacks measured by B-mode ultrasound; and 50 Turkish residents measured by regular supine CT. Compared to raw mean differences (F < M, by -6%), females displayed much thicker FSTTs than males when normalized for body mass (F > M, by +16%). Consequently, while the sexes share similar raw values, females possess much larger FSTTs for their relatively lighter bodies. The relative FSTT difference was 2.7× larger than the raw mean difference. Sex differences in FSTT are of larger magnitude and reversed direction in mass normalized data. Contrary to popular thought, females possess much larger FSTTs than males owing to their generically lighter bodies (-18 kg). These data patterns help explain why the pooling of sex-categorized FSTT does not jeopardize the sex-difference-it is encoded more strongly in terms relative to body mass.

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Facial soft tissue thickness database for craniofacial reconstruction in the Turkish adult population

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

Facial Landmarks for Forensic Skull-Based 3D Face Reconstruction: A Literature Review

Turning the tables of sex distinction in craniofacial identification: Why females possess thicker facial soft tissues than males, not vice versa

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