Facial soft tissue thickness among various vertical facial patterns in adult Pakistani subjects

Jeelani, Waqar; Fida, Mubassar; Shaikh, Attiya

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.006

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A proportionate relationship among the different structures of a face is the key to its esthetic and pleasing appearance [ 3 ]. The facial profile is determined by the facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) and dental and skeletal characteristics [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, researchers have compared the cephalometric characteristics of different races with the established standard of Caucasian Americans, to establish specific cephalometric values of FSTT for different ethnic groups [ 8 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, age [ 3 , 13 , 14 ], sex, ethnicity [ 3 , 15 ], climate [ 16 ], activity, obesity and the body mass index (BMI) [ 17 – 19 ] of individuals have a significant influence on this relationship, together with other conditions. Aside from jaw orthopedics, knowledge of the values of FSTT can help anthropologists to determine the facial appearance of ancient civilizations, and forensic anthropologists to identify a victim by facial reconstruction, when it is not possible to apply any other method of identification [ 4 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

Perović

Blažej

2018

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundThe facial profile is determined by the facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) and dentoskeletal characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare male and female characteristics of FSTT in different orthodontic malocclusions using cephalometric radiography.Material/MethodsOne hundred and twenty lateral cephalometric radiography-derived cephalograms of adult male (n=47) and female (n=73) orthodontic patients, aged between 16–22 years were classified according to their dentoskeletal relationships as Class I (n=30), Class II Division 1 (n=30), Class II Division 2 (n=30), Class III (n=30). Burstone analysis of seven linear dimensions of FSTT was used.ResultsMen had a thicker FSTT in dentoskeletal relationships Class I, Class II Division 2, and Class III. Sex differences varied from significant (t=2.056; p<0.05) for the sub-nasal area in Class II Division 2, to highly significant (t=3.772; p<0.001) for the upper lip sulcus in Class II Division 2. Women in Class II Division 1 had significantly thicker FSTT in the lower jaw area (t=2.800; p<0.01) and for the lower lip sulcus and the chin area (t=3.961; p<0.001).ConclusionsMen with orthodontic malocclusions were characterized by thicker facial soft tissue compared with female patients in Class I and Class II Division 2; female patients in Class II Division 1 were characterized by thicker facial soft tissue of the mentolabial sulcus and chin. Men and women with a skeletal jaw relationship in Class III showed no significant difference in their FSTT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

Perović

Blažej

2018

Med Sci Monit

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“…Stephan et al synthesized 62 previous published groups of FSTT data consisting of 6700 datasets [41] and updated the FSTT using T-tables [42]. Currently, FSTT datasets are available for Australian [14], Portuguese [17], Zulu [19], Egyptian [20], Caucasian [12], Czech [43], Turkish [8,23,33], Hungarian [38], Slovak [29], Indian [44], American [45], French [46], Japanese [21,22], South African [30], Brazilian [15,16], Korean [6,34], Pakistani [47,48] and Chinese-American [49] populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densely calculated facial soft tissue thickness for craniofacial reconstruction in Chinese adults

Shui

Zhou

Deng

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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Craniofacial reconstruction (CFR) is used to recreate a likeness of original facial appearance for an unidentified skull; this technique has been applied in both forensics and archeology. Many CFR techniques rely on the average facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) of anatomical landmarks, related to ethnicity, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), etc. Previous studies typically employed FSTT at sparsely distributed anatomical landmarks, where different landmark definitions may affect the contrasting results. In the present study, a total of 90,198 one-to-one correspondence skull vertices are established on 171 head CT-scans and the FSTT of each corresponding vertex is calculated (hereafter referred to as densely calculated FSTT) for statistical analysis and CFR. Basic descriptive statistics (i.e., mean and standard deviation) for densely calculated FSTT are reported separately according to sex and age. Results show that 76.12% of overall vertices indicate that the FSTT is greater in males than females, with the exception of vertices around the zygoma, zygomatic arch and mid-lateral orbit. These sex-related significant differences are found at 55.12% of all vertices and the statistically age-related significant differences are depicted between the three age groups at a majority of all vertices (73.31% for males and 63.43% for females). Five non-overlapping categories are given and the descriptive statistics (i.e., mean, standard deviation, local standard deviation and percentage) are reported. Multiple appearances are produced using the densely calculated FSTT of various age and sex groups, and a quantitative assessment is provided to examine how relevant the choice of FSTT is to increasing the accuracy of CFR. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective in understanding the distribution of FSTT and the construction of a new densely calculated FSTT database for craniofacial reconstruction.

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“…The nasolabial angle plays an important role in human esthetics. Clinicians should therefore place great emphasis on evaluating this area and planning a treatment mechanism that will place this angle within the acceptable standard deviation 3) . Retraction of the maxillary incisors by 1 mm is reported to increase the nasolabial angle by 1-3° 4,21,22) .…”

Section: ) Nasolabial Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we report a dramatic improvement in esthetics by means of orthodontic anchor screws in two patients who visited our clinic with the main complaint of protrusion of the lips. Improvement of the shape of the mouth can be evaluated in reference to the E-line [11][12][13] or nasolabial angle 3,10) . Morphological change was observed in the lips in both the present cases, so change in the vermilion was also evaluated 14,23) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esthetic Improvement through Orthodontic Treatment Involving Extraction: Use of Orthodontic Anchor Screws

Katada

2018

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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Here, we report two cases of dental bimaxillary protrusion in which orthodontic anchor screws were used to improve the esthetics of the mouth and lips and facilitate complete closure of the mouth. Case 1 was a woman with dental maxillary protrusion and constriction of the dental arches, with the main complaint of protrusion of the lips and mandibular crowding. The maxillary and mandibular dental arches were first widened and traction applied to the maxilla via orthodontic anchor screws. The maxillary incisors were retracted 10 mm and the mandibular incisors 3 mm, resulting in upper lip retraction of 3 mm and bottom lip retraction of 5 mm with respect to the E-line. The nasolabial angle increased to 20°, and the inter-vermilion angle, which indicates the thickness of the vermillion, decreased to 20°, improving esthetics by reducing the thickness of the lips. Case 2 was a woman with bimaxillary dental protrusion, with the chief complaint of protruding lips and a gummy smile. Orthodontic anchor screws were used to achieve posterior traction and intrusion in the maxillary incisor region to improve the gummy smile. The maxillary incisors were retracted 9 mm and the mandibular incisors 8 mm. In the soft tissues, this yielded upper lip retraction of 3 mm and bottom lip retraction of 4 mm with respect to the E-line. The nasolabial angle increased to 10° and the inter-vermilion angle decreased to 30°, improving esthetics by reducing the thickness of the lips. The gummy smile was also improved, with 4 mm intrusion of the maxillary incisors. Increased ease in closing of the mouth was also a major factor in patient satisfaction with the results of orthodontic treatment.

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Facial soft tissue thickness among various vertical facial patterns in adult Pakistani subjects

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

Densely calculated facial soft tissue thickness for craniofacial reconstruction in Chinese adults

Esthetic Improvement through Orthodontic Treatment Involving Extraction: Use of Orthodontic Anchor Screws

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