Facial skin-lightening benefits of the tetrapeptide Pro-Lys-Glu-Lys on subjects with skin types V-VI living in South Africa

Farwick, Mike; Maczkiewitz, Ursula; Lersch, Peter; Summers, Beverley; Rawlings, A. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00569.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For PKEK development, Lys-Glu-Lys (KEK) was modified with proline to stabilize the peptide structure. Study results showed that PKEK reduces interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as cyclooxygenase gene expression in UV light-stressed keratinocytes [29].…”

Section: Tetrapeptide Pkekmentioning

confidence: 94%

Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In the last two decades, many new peptides have been developed, and new knowledge on how peptides improve the skin has been uncovered. The spectrum of peptides in the field of cosmetics is continuously growing. This review summarizes some of the effective data on cosmeceutical peptides that work against intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Some peptides have been proven in their efficacy through clinical skin trials. Well-known and documented peptides like copper tripeptide are still under research to obtain more details on their effectiveness, and for the development of new treatments. Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 and Carnosine are other well-researched cosmeceuticals. Additionally, there are many more peptides that are used in cosmetics. However, study results for some are sparse, or have not been published in scientific journals. This article summarizes topical peptides with proven efficacy in controlled in vivo studies.

show abstract

Section: Tetrapeptide Pkekmentioning

confidence: 94%

Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conversely, recent studies involving the PKEK tetrapeptide indicate that inhibiting certain inflammatory and immune factors may also lead to reduced pigmentation. In vitro studies with this peptide have demonstrated decreased expression of IL-8 and TNF-α, with a downstream reduction in melanogenesis in vivo studies have demonstrated anti-pigmentation effects in 39 patients treated with a topical therapy of combined PKEK and sodium ascorbyl phosphate [91,92]. The authors did note that proopiomelanocorticotropin, which codes for α-MSH, was downregulated as well by this treatment, which may also account for the reduction in pigmentation.…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Tyrosinasementioning

confidence: 96%

Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Peptides in Skin Pigmentation

2018

DERM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinically modifying skin pigmentation is a valuable approach that can treat pigmentation and photosensitivity disorders and provide a degree of protection from skin cancers. Skin pigmentation is due to the presence of eumelanin, a biological pigment that is generated by the highly regulated melanogenesis pathway. Proteins within this pathway, including the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase, can be activated or deactivated in order to bring about the desired change in eumelanin content, and thus pigmentation.A novel platform to modulate skin pigmentation is the use of oligopeptides designed with affinity towards the active sites in molecules of the melanogenesis pathway. A useful approach developing such peptides is to imitate active sites of existing hormones and signaling molecules with melanogenesis modulating properties. This platform is especially useful since oligopeptides can be designed to increase activity, prolong in vivo stability, promote penetration into cells and minimize side effects when compared to the molecules they mimic, or other drugs.

show abstract

“…The tetrapeptide, Pro-Lys-Glu-Lys (PKEK) has proven skinlightening benefits on skin discoloration from melasma and PIH in subjects with skin types V-VI in South Africa, making it a good candidate for all racial groups [49].…”

Section: Other Botanicals As Potential Bleaching Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melasma, Novel Treatment Modalities

Abdallah¹

2014

Pigmentary Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatment of melasma remains challenging due to frequent relapses and the occurrence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) following many interventions. Treatment goals are inhibition of melanin synthesis and transfer by sunscreens, sun avoidance and the use of bleaching agents on one hand and removal of already present pigment by peeling, lasers and light on the other hand. Triple combination creams (TCC) (also known as Kligman's formula utilizing hydroquinone and modifications of Kligman's formula) remain the mainstay of treatment. Newer bleaching agents derived from plants and synthetic compounds have been introduced and many of them are promising safe substitutes for hydroquinone.Peeling agents especially superficial and medium depth peels are effective treatment modalities for melasma. Newer peeling agents are less irritating and may thus lead to fewer side effects. Q-switched lasers, which target melanin, have led to PIH until the innovation of "laser toning" and fractional Qswitched ruby, which have better outcomes. Fractional non-ablative and ablative lasers are useful at lower fluencies. Pulsed dye laser, which targets the vascular component in melasma, is promising with less melasma rebound.Combinations of the above-mentioned modalities usually have a better treatment outcome than either alone. This review will focus on the more recently introduced therapies.

show abstract

Facial skin-lightening benefits of the tetrapeptide Pro-Lys-Glu-Lys on subjects with skin types V-VI living in South Africa

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results

Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results

Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Peptides in Skin Pigmentation

Melasma, Novel Treatment Modalities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About