Facial Reconstruction of a Wrapped Egyptian Mummy Using MDCT

Cesarani, Federico; Martina, Maria Cristina; Grilletto, Renato; Boano, Rosa; Roveri, Anna Maria Donadoni; Capussotto, Valter; Giuliano, Andrea; Celia, Maurizio; Gandini, Giovanni

doi:10.2214/ajr.183.3.1830755

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Over the period 1979 to 2005, 31 papers qualified on the basis of matching all of our inclusion criteria (Appelboom & Struyven 1999;Baldock et al, 1994;Cesarani et al, 2003Cesarani et al, , 2004Ciranni et al, 2002;Gaafar et al, 1999;Gardner et al, 2004;Harwood-Nash, 1979;Hoffmann & Hudgins, 2002;Hughes et al, 2005;Jansen et al, 2002;Kieser et al, 2004;Macleod et al, 2000;Magid et al, 1989;Marx & D'Auria, 1988;Melcher et al, 1997;Mininberg, 2001;Nedden et al, 1994;Notman et al, 1986;Pickering et al, 1990;Previgliano et al, 2003;Ruhli & Boni, 2000a,b;Ruhli et al, 2002;Shin et al, 2003;Sigmund & Minas, 2002;Thekkaniyil et al, 2000;Vahey & Brown, 1984;Yardley & Rutka, 1997). Only three papers had specific, stated hypotheses (9.7%), while 84% stated a purpose, either general or specific, for conducting the study (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT imaging of human mummies: a critical review of the literature (1979–2005)

O’Brien¹,

Battista²,

Romagnoli³

et al. 2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The number of computerised tomography (CT) investigations of mummies has increased since the first published study in 1979. However, this approach has never been validated. We present a critical analysis of the literature (1979 to 2005). Relevant articles were selected via a MedLine search and analysed according to CT technique, methodology, and author's speciality. Thirty-one original articles matched our selection criteria. Of these studies, 42% were authored by radiologists, while 26% had no contribution from radiologists. Hypothesis-driven papers comprised only 9.7% of the total. While 84% of the studies had a stated purpose for conducting the CT study, only 67% of studies defined their CT protocol clearly. CT was used to study mummification techniques in 74% of instances, and/or to detect disease in 58%. Conclusions based on CT analysis were derived in 84% of studies, but only 32% of these answered specific questions. Furthermore, only 36% of these conclusions were related to the stated purpose of the study. Using the criteria of the grading system we developed, we found that 61% of studies were supported only by weak evidence. We conclude that evidence-based research with better design should be encouraged in future palaeoradiological studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT imaging of human mummies: a critical review of the literature (1979–2005)

O’Brien¹,

Battista²,

Romagnoli³

et al. 2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…This makes it possible to produce 1:1 models of CAT-scanned structures directly from the computer visualizations (zur Nedden and Wicke, 1992;Hjalgrim et al, 1995;Cesarani et al, 2004), detailing structures at a 1 mm resolution. These highly accurate resin models are then used as the basis for the facial reconstructions.…”

Section: Facial Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mummies

Lynnerup

2007

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

165

115

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Mummies are human remains with preservation of nonbony tissue. Mummification by natural influences results in so-called natural mummies, whereas mummification induced by active (human) intervention results in so-called artificial mummies, although many cultures practiced burial rites, which to some degree involved both natural and artificial mummification. Since they are so uniquely well-preserved, mummies may give many insights into mortuary practices and burial rites. Specifically, the presence of soft tissues may expand the scope of paleopathological studies. Many recent mummy studies focus on the development and application of nondestructive methods for examining mummies, including radiography, CT-scanning with advanced three-dimensional visualizations, and endoscopic techniques, as well as minimally-destructive chemical, physical, and biological methods for, e.g., stable isotopes, trace metals, and DNA. This article discusses mummification and gives a presentation of various key mummy finds and a brief history of mummy studies. A description of the extant key technologies of natural and medical science that are applied in mummy studies is given; along with a discussion of some of the major results in terms of paleopathology. It is also shown how mummy studies have contributed much to the knowledge of the cultural habits and everyday life of past populations. Finally the impact of mummy studies on analyses of mortuary practices and cultural history is discussed. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 50: 162-190, 2007. V

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“…It has wide range of application in forensic science. It has been used successfully in examination of footwear impression (Morgan et al, 2009), facial reconstruction (Stephan & Henneberg, 2001;Benazzi et al, 2009;Claes et al, 2006;Cesarani et al, 2004;George, 1987), forensic ballistics (Jain et al, 2004;Hejna & Safr, 2009), restoration of obliterated marks (Kuppuswamy, 2011), tool mark impression (Rees, 1969) and Odontology (Gorea et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of firing pin and breech face impression on lead and plasticine surfaces- a case report

Sehgal

Sahota

Kaur

et al. 2017

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: The microscopic examination of fired cartridge cases and fired bullets helps the expert to determine if a suspect firearm/firearms were, or were not, discharged in a shooting incident. This is achieved by using a combination of class and individual characteristics. But in case of malfunctioning of firearm, experts have to adopt different methods to link fired cartridge cases and fired bullets with the suspected firearm. Case presentation: In this paper, a new method for the reproduction of the firing pin and breech face impression on two different surfaces are reported. Two chosen surfaces are plasticine and lead metal. Conclusions: The surface of the lead being soft and brittle reproduced the impression with maximum detail. Five match points were seen on the lead surface with clear demarcation whereas only three points of individual characteristics marks were observed on plasticine surface.

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Facial Reconstruction of a Wrapped Egyptian Mummy Using MDCT

Abstract: Our multidisciplinary cooperative study produced a model of the face of an individual who lived nearly 3,000 years ago, which would not previously have been possible unless we unwrapped, destroyed, and altered the conservation of the bandages and the mummy.

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

CT imaging of human mummies: a critical review of the literature (1979–2005)

CT imaging of human mummies: a critical review of the literature (1979–2005)

Mummies

Development of firing pin and breech face impression on lead and plasticine surfaces- a case report

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