“…However, the procedure is associated with longer operative time, possible vascular complications, and longer delays in muscle function in contrast to local muscle transfer, as the final result can take years following surgery to achieve [25 ▪▪ ]. Several muscles have been used, most commonly the gracilis muscle, latissimus dorsi, extensor digitorum brevis, and serratus anterior [52 ▪ ]. Gracilis is the preferred muscle for FFMT by most reconstructive surgeons, partly because it provides a reliable neurovascular pedicle, and there are no significant donor functional deficits, yet there remain controversies regarding choice of innervating nerve, and staging of the procedures.…”