Facial movement varies by sex and is related to attractiveness

Morrison, Edward R.; Gralewski, Lisa; Campbell, Neill; Penton-Voak, Ian S.

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.01.001

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thus, it is no surprise that ratings of human faces in static and dynamic form are intercorrelated (Riggio, Widaman, Tucker, & Salinas, 1991;Roberts, Saxton et al, 2009), even though some studies have suggested that the level of this correlation is lower than might be expected (Lander, 2008;Penton-Voak & Chang, 2008;Rubenstein, 2005). One solution to this problem is to employ new digital technologies to capture movement independently of shape or other information, by using wire-frame images or standardized models (Brown et al, 2005;Morrison et al, 2007). However, such approaches are not without their own problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Odor Quality Predicts Behavioral Attractiveness in Humans

et al. 2011

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Growing effort is being made to understand how different attractive physical traits covary within individuals, partly because this might indicate an underlying index of genetic quality. In humans, attention has focussed on potential markers of quality such as facial attractiveness, axillary odor quality, the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and body-mass index (BMI). Here we extend this approach to include visually-assessed kinesic cues (nonverbal behavior linked to movement) which are statistically independent of structural physical traits. The utility of such kinesic cues in mate assessment is controversial, particularly during every day conversational contexts, as they could be unreliable and susceptible to deception. However, we show here that the attractiveness of nonverbal behavior, in 20 male participants, is predicted by perceived quality of their axillary body odor. This finding indicates covariation between two desirable traits in different sensory modalities. Depending on two different rating contexts (either a simple attractiveness rating, or a rating for long-term partners, by 10 female raters not using hormonal contraception), we also found significant relationships between perceived attractiveness of nonverbal behavior and BMI, and between axillary odor ratings and 2D:4D ratio. Axillary odor pleasantness was the single attribute that consistently predicted attractiveness of nonverbal behavior. Our results demonstrate that nonverbal kinesic cues could reliably reveal mate quality, at least in males, and could corroborate and contribute to mate assessment based on other physical traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Odor Quality Predicts Behavioral Attractiveness in Humans

et al. 2011

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“…[Kozlowski and Cutting 1977]), with hip sway often indicating female motion and shoulder movement indicating male motion [Johnson and Tassinary 2005]. Other studies also focused on the recognition of gender from facial motion, using either androgynous faces [Hill and Johnston 2001;Morrison et al 2007] or comparisons with point-light displays [Hill et al 2003]. These studies found that gender can be recognized from facial motion only, but that specific cues, such as excessive nodding, blinking and overall amount of movement, play an important role in recognizing the female gender [Morrison et al 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies also focused on the recognition of gender from facial motion, using either androgynous faces [Hill and Johnston 2001;Morrison et al 2007] or comparisons with point-light displays [Hill et al 2003]. These studies found that gender can be recognized from facial motion only, but that specific cues, such as excessive nodding, blinking and overall amount of movement, play an important role in recognizing the female gender [Morrison et al 2007]. Similarly, Hill et al [2001] showed that head motion alone is less useful for discriminating sex than facial movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effect of emotion on gender recognition in virtual humans

Zibrek

Hoyet

Ruhland

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception

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In this paper, we investigate the ability of humans to determine the gender of conversing characters, based on facial and body cues for emotion. We used a corpus of simultaneously captured facial and body motions from four male and four female actors. In our Gender Rating task, participants were asked to rate how male or female they considered the motions to be, under different emotional states. In our Emotion Recognition task, participants were asked to classify the emotions, in order to determine how accurately perceived those emotions were. We found that gender perception was affected by emotion, where certain emotions facilitated gender determination while others masked it. We also found that there was no correlation between how accurate an emotion was portrayed and how much gender information was present in that motion. Finally, we found that the model used to display the motion did not affect gender perception of motion but did alter emotion recognition.

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“…In reviewing previous studies and investigating methodological differences between them, Roberts, Saxton et al (2009b) reported that correlations between ratings from static and dynamic facial stimuli were stronger when rated by the same participants, likely because of carryover effects. As patterns of facial movement vary according to sex (Morrison, Gralewski, Campbell, & Penton-Voak, 2007), it is conceivable that masculinity/femininity ratings will be more extreme when viewing dynamic faces. In light of these findings, it is necessary to consider the influence of facial stimulus type when testing the concordance of face-voice judgments.…”

Section: Static and Dynamic Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordant Cues in Faces and Voices

et al. 2016

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Information from faces and voices combines to provide multimodal signals about a person. Faces and voices may offer redundant, overlapping (backup signals), or complementary information (multiple messages). This article reports two experiments which investigated the extent to which faces and voices deliver concordant information about dimensions of fitness and quality. In Experiment 1, participants rated faces and voices on scales for masculinity/femininity, age, health, height, and weight. The results showed that people make similar judgments from faces and voices, with particularly strong correlations for masculinity/femininity, health, and height. If, as these results suggest, faces and voices constitute backup signals for various dimensions, it is hypothetically possible that people would be able to accurately match novel faces and voices for identity. However, previous investigations into novel face-voice matching offer contradictory results. In Experiment 2, participants saw a face and heard a voice and were required to decide whether the face and voice belonged to the same person. Matching accuracy was significantly above chance level, suggesting that judgments made independently from faces and voices are sufficiently similar that people can match the two. Both sets of results were analyzed using multilevel modeling and are interpreted as being consistent with the backup signal hypothesis.

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Facial movement varies by sex and is related to attractiveness

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Body Odor Quality Predicts Behavioral Attractiveness in Humans

Body Odor Quality Predicts Behavioral Attractiveness in Humans

Evaluating the effect of emotion on gender recognition in virtual humans

Concordant Cues in Faces and Voices

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