Facial mimicry, facial emotion recognition and alexithymia in post-traumatic stress disorder

Passardi, Sandra; Peyk, Peter; Rufer, Michael; Wingenbach, Tanja S. H.; Pfaltz, Monique C.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103436

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In addition to data on socio-demographic characteristics, the questionnaire recorded information about different psychosocio-emotional dimensions, relevant for emergency settings and post-traumatic situations (i.e., loneliness, empathic skills, coping strategies, alexithymia) (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). To collect information about these psycho-socio-emotional dimensions we used a battery of validated questionnaires in Italian language.…”

Section: Psycho-socio-emotional Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Frail Populations for Disease Risk Prediction and Intervention Planning in the Covid-19 Era: A Focus on Social Isolation and Vulnerability

et al. 2021

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The early identification of fragile populations in the Covid-19 era would help governments to allocate resources and plan strategies to contain consequences of the pandemic. Beyond frailty, social vulnerability to environmental stressors, such as the social distancing enforced to reduce the SARS-CoV2 contagion, can modify long-term disease risk and induce health status changes in the general population. We assessed frailty and social vulnerability indices in 1,258 Italian residents during the first lockdown phase via an on-line survey. We compared indices taking into account age categories and gender. While frailty showed a linear increase with age and was greater in females than in males, social vulnerability was higher in young adults and elders compared to middle aged and older adults, and in males than females. Both frailty and social vulnerability contributed in explaining the individual perception of the impact of Covid-19 emergency on health, which was further influenced by proactive attitudes/behaviors and social isolation. Social isolation and loneliness following the Covid-19 outbreak may exert dramatic psychosocial effects in the general population. The early detection of vulnerable categories, at risk to become ill and develop long-lasting health status changes, would help to prevent consequences on general well-being by allocating resources to targeted interventions managing psychosocial distress and increasing young adults and elderly resilience toward the post-Covid-19 crisis.

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Section: Psycho-socio-emotional Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Frail Populations for Disease Risk Prediction and Intervention Planning in the Covid-19 Era: A Focus on Social Isolation and Vulnerability

et al. 2021

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“…However, more systematic, and recent studies are needed to differentiate between different age groups across these different regions globally. The problem of accurate figures, maybe due to the condition being multi-facet and overlapping with other conditions, such as being found to be present in a number of other problematic conditions such as substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia-nervosa, and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) (Evren et al, 2010;Beadle et al, 2013;Kinnaird et al, 2019;Passardi et al, 2019) which makes accurate diagnosis and identification difficult. So, there are clearly some gaps within the literature as to what exactly alexithymia is, what is its etiology, and whether it is a co-morbid outcome of some other condition, or the potential cause of other conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Mental Health, Interoception, Psychological Flexibility, and Self-as-Context, as Predictors for Alexithymia: A Deep Artificial Neural Network Approach

Edwards

Lowe

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Background: Alexithymia is a personality trait which is characterized by an inability to identify and describe conscious emotions of oneself and others.Aim: The present study aimed to determine whether various measures of mental health, interoception, psychological flexibility, and self-as-context, predicted through linear associations alexithymia as an outcome. This also included relevant mediators and non-linear predictors identified for particular sub-groups of participants through cluster analyses of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) output.Methodology: Two hundred and thirty participants completed an online survey which included the following questionnaires: Toronto alexithymia scale; Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2 (AQQII); Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DAS21); Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA); and the Self-as-Context (SAC) scale. A stepwise backwards linear regression and mediation analysis were performed, as well as a cluster analysis of the non-linear ANN upper hidden layer output.Results: Higher levels of alexithymia were associated with increased psychological inflexibility, lower positive affect scores, and lower interoception for the subscales of “not distracting” and “attention regulation.” SAC mediated the relation between emotional regulation and total alexithymia. The ANNs accounted for more of the variance than the linear regressions, and were able to identify complex and varied patterns within the participant subgroupings.Conclusion: The findings were discussed within the context of developing a SAC processed-based therapeutic model for alexithymia, where it is suggested that alexithymia is a complex and multi-faceted condition, which requires a similarly complex, and process-based approach to accurately diagnose and treat this condition.

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“…Iskric et al (2020) suggest that alexithymia is related to non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation. Passardi et al (2019) indicated that alexithymia played an essential role in facial emotion recognition of negative emotions in PTSD. In addition, McCallum et al (2003) showed that alexithymia could affect the treatment outcomes by interfering with the improvement of general symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Support for the Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire

et al. 2021

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Alexithymia is defined as the lack of words to describe emotions and is associated with different psychopathologies. Various tools have been developed for measuring alexithymia; each has its limitations. A new questionnaire, Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ), was developed to simultaneously assess positive and negative dimensions. Validation of such a tool in different cultures allows cross-cultural health psychology studies and facilitates knowledge transfer in the field. We aimed to examine the psychometric features of the PAQ in the Farsi-speaking population in Iran. Four-hundred-twenty-nine university students were asked to complete the PAQ, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). Concurrent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability and factor structure were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a five-factor model identical to the original questionnaire. The questionnaire indicated good internal consistency (0.82 < α < 0.94). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for all subscales. The correlations between PAQ and its subscales with BDI-II, BAI, and TAS, and expression suppression subscale of ERQ were strong for concurrent validity. Concerning the discriminant validity, PAQ and its subscales were not correlated with reappraisal subscales of ERQ. The present findings suggest that the Farsi version of PAQ has strong psychometric properties and is appropriate for use in the Farsi-speaking population.

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Facial mimicry, facial emotion recognition and alexithymia in post-traumatic stress disorder

Cited by 31 publications

References 75 publications

Identifying Frail Populations for Disease Risk Prediction and Intervention Planning in the Covid-19 Era: A Focus on Social Isolation and Vulnerability

Identifying Frail Populations for Disease Risk Prediction and Intervention Planning in the Covid-19 Era: A Focus on Social Isolation and Vulnerability

Associations Between Mental Health, Interoception, Psychological Flexibility, and Self-as-Context, as Predictors for Alexithymia: A Deep Artificial Neural Network Approach

Further Support for the Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire

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