Facial expressivity during the clinical interview as a predictor functional disability in schizophrenia. A pilot study

Troisi, Alfonso; Pompili, Enrico; Binello, Luigi; Sterpone, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.11.016

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…An association between conventional psychopathology measures and non-verbal behaviour has also been found in other studies on patients with schizophrenia [23][24][25] . These authors analysed videotaped interviews that were specifically arranged for the research and not real-life situations.…”

Section: Comparison With the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…These authors analysed videotaped interviews that were specifically arranged for the research and not real-life situations. The study of Troisi et al [22] reported a weak correlation between non-verbal behaviour and psychiatric symptoms, whilst newer research found a strong correlation between less facial expressivity, measured on the ethological prosocial score, and more negative symptoms, in particular anergia [24,25] . In addition, Brüne et al [23] reported multiple associations of psychopathology, particularly negative symptoms with non-verbal behaviour in patients with schizophrenia spectrum illness.…”

Section: Comparison With the Literaturementioning

confidence: 97%

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Non-Verbal Behaviour of Patients with Schizophrenia in Medical Consultations – A Comparison with Depressed Patients and Association with Symptom Levels

Dimic

Wildgrube²,

McCabe³

et al. 2010

Psychopathology

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Background: The Dutch psychiatrist Rümke introduced the notion that patients with schizophrenia could be recognised intuitively by an experienced psychiatrist, naming the process as the ‘praecox feeling’. This feeling may reflect aspects of the non-verbal behaviour of patients as shown in a medical consultation. The aim of this study was to test whether aspects of the initial non-verbal behaviour of patients with schizophrenia and depression in medical consultations differ and are associated with symptom levels in each group. Sampling and Method: The first 2 min of videotaped outpatient consultations with 78 patients (39 each with schizophrenia and depression) were analysed by researchers who were masked to the diagnosis and symptom levels of the patients. Non-verbal behaviour was assessed using a modified Ethological Coding System for Interviews. Symptom levels were rated by independent researchers on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Results: The 2 diagnostic groups showed significant differences on 1 out of 6 aspects of non-verbal communication, with patients with schizophrenia exhibiting more ‘flight’ behaviour, i.e. more looking down or away, crouching and freezing. Within the group of patients with schizophrenia, more ‘flight’ and less ‘assertion’ were associated with higher symptom levels. Conclusion: Initial ‘flight’ behaviour of patients in medical consultations may be specific for schizophrenia and associated with the symptoms of that illness. Such behaviour might indicate an avoidance of potentially adverse communication, and future research should investigate whether it can also be identified in everyday social interactions other than medical consultations.

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Section: Comparison With the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Comparison With the Literaturementioning

confidence: 97%

Non-Verbal Behaviour of Patients with Schizophrenia in Medical Consultations – A Comparison with Depressed Patients and Association with Symptom Levels

Dimic

Wildgrube²,

McCabe³

et al. 2010

Psychopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…En segundo lugar, la etología, como estudio de la evolución de la conducta, proporciona marcos teóricos de referencia para la integración de una perspectiva funcional en la definición y la evaluación clínica de los trastornos mentales. 1,3,[5][6][7] El etograma es un catálogo exacto que incluye los patrones conductuales de interés definidos operacionalmente.…”

Section: Antecedentesunclassified

“…Estas conductas han sido calificadas y cuantificadas con la finalidad de tener un mayor valor predictivo en la respuesta al tratamiento. 1,5,7 Por este motivo es necesario contar con herramientas que evalúen las conductas no-verbales en entrevistas clínicas.…”

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Estudio de traducción y validez del Sistema de Codificación Etológica para Entrevistas ECSI (Ethological Coding System for Interviews)

Paas-Oliveros

Villanueva-Valle

González-Arredondo

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPsychotherapeutic diagnosis is largely based on verbal explorations and/or psychological tests. In contrast, the relevance of non-verbal communication is often disregarded. Here, we aim to provide a tool to measure and assess non-verbal behavior in clinical interviews, based on the Ethological Coding System for Interviews (ECSI), developed by Troisi (1999), which was translated and validated in Spanish. An ethogram is a catalogue of behaviours or patterns of behaviour, which are operationalized and grouped in categories such as affiliation, flight, assertiveness, relaxation and so forth.

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“…Independent raters later analysed the videos for non-verbal behaviour, using a modified version of the Ethological Coding System for Interviews (ECSI). Results: Patients with a higher level of negative symptoms displayed significantly fewer prosocial (e.g., nodding and smiling), gesture, and displacement behaviours (e.g., fumbling), but significantly more flight behav-schizophrenia display less non-verbal behaviour [3][4][5][6] and, in turn, these reductions in expressivity have been linked with poorer social functioning and social competence [7,8]. Patients with schizophrenia have also been shown to have non-verbal profiles that differ from those with different psychiatric diagnoses [6,7,[9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Symptoms and Avoidance of Social Interaction: A Study of Non-Verbal Behaviour

et al. 2017

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Background: Non-verbal behaviour is fundamental to social interaction. Patients with schizophrenia display an expressivity deficit of non-verbal behaviour, exhibiting behaviour that differs from both healthy subjects and patients with different psychiatric diagnoses. The present study aimed to explore the association between non-verbal behaviour and symptom domains, overcoming methodological shortcomings of previous studies. Sampling and Methods: Standardised interviews with 63 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were videotaped. Symptoms were assessed using the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale. Independent raters later analysed the videos for non-verbal behaviour, using a modified version of the Ethological Coding System for Interviews (ECSI). Results: Patients with a higher level of negative symptoms displayed significantly fewer prosocial (e.g., nodding and smiling), gesture, and displacement behaviours (e.g., fumbling), but significantly more flight behaviours (e.g., looking away, freezing). No gender differences were found, and these associations held true when adjusted for antipsychotic medication dosage. Conclusions: Negative symptoms are associated with both a lower level of actively engaging non-verbal behaviour and an increased active avoidance of social contact. Future research should aim to identify the mechanisms behind flight behaviour, with implications for the development of treatments to improve social functioning.

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Facial expressivity during the clinical interview as a predictor functional disability in schizophrenia. A pilot study

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Non-Verbal Behaviour of Patients with Schizophrenia in Medical Consultations – A Comparison with Depressed Patients and Association with Symptom Levels

Non-Verbal Behaviour of Patients with Schizophrenia in Medical Consultations – A Comparison with Depressed Patients and Association with Symptom Levels

Estudio de traducción y validez del Sistema de Codificación Etológica para Entrevistas ECSI (Ethological Coding System for Interviews)

Negative Symptoms and Avoidance of Social Interaction: A Study of Non-Verbal Behaviour

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