Facial Expressiveness in Patients With Schizophrenia Compared to Depressed Patients and Nonpatient Comparison Subjects

Trémeau, Fabien; Malaspina, Dolores; Duval, Fabrice; Corrêa, Humberto; Hager-Budny, Michaela; Coin-Bariou, Laura; Macher, Jean-Paul; Gorman, Jack M.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.92

Cited by 132 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In contrast to previous results (Troisi et al, 1998), our study revealed multiple associations of conventional psychopathological measures, particularly negative symptoms, with the patients' nonverbal behavior, a finding more similar to what Troisi et al (2006) found in a recent study of stabilized medicated patients with schizophrenia (see also, Trémeau et al, 2005). In extension of previous findings, however, our study revealed, using the novel 5-factor model of the PANSS (van der Gaag et al, 2006) and median split procedures, inverse associations of positive symptoms with submissive behavior, inverse associations of negative symptoms with several expressive behaviors suggesting an overall reduction in expressive behaviors in patients with prominent negative symptomatology (Troisi et al, 1991), as well as positive associations of disorganization with the amount of displacement activities (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Troisi and coworkers observed that unmedicated young male schizophrenic patients could be distinguished from normal controls on the basis of their behavioral repertoire during interviews, including the use of "prosocial" behaviors such as yes-nodding and smiling, the use of gestures, and the amount of so-called "displacement activities" as nonverbal signals of motivational conflict (Troisi et al, 1998). Facial and bodily expressivity of patients with schizophrenia may, however, be influenced by a number of factors: It may correlate inversely with neuroleptic dosage (Schneider et al, 1992), be reduced by the presence of negative symptoms (Trémeau et al, 2005), or altered by a combination of both, because it has repeatedly been pointed out that classic antipsychotic medications may worsen existing negative symptoms (Heinz et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonverbal Behavior During Standardized Interviews in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Brüne¹,

Sonntag²,

Abdel‐Hamid³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Several studies have consistently shown that patients with schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) can be distinguished from normal controls on the basis of their nonverbal behavior during standardized interviews, with considerable interactions between negative symptoms and poor facial expressivity. However, most studies have examined unmedicated patients, and gender of both interviewer and interviewee has not been taken into account. In this study we assessed the nonverbal behavior of male and female patients with SSD who were receiving second-generation antipsychotic medication (SGA) using the Ethological Coding System for Interviews (Troisi, 1998). In addition, we used a novel 5-factor model of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS, van der Gaag et al., 2006) to correlate nonverbal behavior with standard psychopathology ratings. Our findings strongly resembled results of previous studies into nonverbal behavior of patients with SSD, despite differences in cultural backgrounds and gender of the interviewer. Negative symptoms were inversely correlated with several of the nonverbal behavioral dimensions. Medication dose did not correlate with any one of the behavioral or psychopathological measures. Patients with SSD make less use of their nonverbal behavioral repertoire compared with controls, independent of antipsychotic treatment. Culture-specific nonverbal expressivity seems to play an additional (minor) role in distinguishing patients from healthy controls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal Behavior During Standardized Interviews in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Brüne¹,

Sonntag²,

Abdel‐Hamid³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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“…Kring & Neale, 1996;Salem, Kring, & Kerr, 1996;Tremeau et al, 2005) using a range of methodologies (e.g. self-ratings; Schneider, Gur, Gur, & Shtasel, 1995; informant rating scales; Andreasen, 1984a,b; facial coding systems; Berenbaum & Oltmanns, 1992).…”

Section: Individuals With Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression and assessment of emotions and internal states in individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities

Adams¹,

Oliver²

2011

Clinical Psychology Review

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The expression of emotions and internal states by individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities is a comparatively under-researched area. Comprehensive or standardised methods of assessing or understanding the emotions and internal states within this population, whose ability to communicate is significantly compromised, do not exist.The literature base will be discussed and compared to that within the general population.Methods of assessing broader internal states, notably depression, anxiety, and pain within severe or profound intellectual disabilities are also addressed. Finally, this review will examine methods of assessing internal states within genetic syndromes, including hunger, social anxiety and happiness within Prader-Willi, Fragile-X and Angelman syndrome. This will then allow for the identification of robust methodologies used in assessing the expression of these internal states, some of which may be useful when considering how to assess emotions within individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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“…Firstly, it was found that these patients showed an overall reduction of mimic and facial affective expressiveness compared to healthy subjects (Aghevli, Blanchard & Horan, 2003;Krause, Steimer-Krause & Hufnagel, 1992;Kring & Earnst, 1999;Kring & Neale, 1996;Kring, Kerr, Smith & Neale, 1993;Trémeau et al, 2005;Steimer-Krause, Krause & Wagner, 1990). Secondly, they were found to show elevated amounts of negative facial affectivity compared to healthy subjects (Krause et al, 1992;Merten & Krause, 2003;Schwab, Merten & Krause, 1997;Steimer-Krause et al, 1990).…”

Section: Facial Affective Expressions In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some researchers have found a reduction of facial expressiveness in schizophrenia that was independent of the influence of either typical or atypical antipsychotic medication (Kring & Earnst, 1999;Trémeau et al, 2005). Significantly fewer outward facial displays of emotions were also observed in non-medicated patients with schizophrenia compared to controls (Kring et al, 1993).…”

Section: The Influence Of Antipsychotic Medication On Facial Expressimentioning

confidence: 98%

Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Bergman¹

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was studied in clinical interviews. Fifty-one video recorded interviews were conducted by two psychologists with nine patients. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in three successive studies. Study I examined the communicative interplay on an overall level, including verbal and nonverbal means of communication. The interviewer's willingness to explore and pursue the emotional content in the patient's narrative was found to be important for establishing well functioning communication. In Study II, the stability over time of facial affective expressions in the emotional interplay was evaluated, using EMFACS. For the patients, no substantial changes in the amount of affects were found across all the interview occasions, although for one interviewer, contempt slightly increased. Whereas previous findings found contempt to be the most frequent affect in patients, in the present material disgust was as common, but depended on the interviewer. Study III investigated gaze behaviour and facial affective expressiveness. The objective was to test whether patients reduced their negative facial affectivity during mutual gaze. The patients were found to not reduce their negative facial affectivity during the state of mutual gaze. This finding was independent of both interview occasion and interviewer and implies that the patients might have intended to communicate negative facial affectivity to the interviewer. The research suggests that the emotional interplay is dominated by the negative facial affective expressions of mainly disgust and contempt. It is proposed that these negative affects may be connected to a patient's low self-esteem, as the self in schizophrenia may be engrained by self-disgusting and self-contemptive affective experiences. The interviewer's capacity to respond to these negative facial expressions must therefore be considered as important.

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Facial Expressiveness in Patients With Schizophrenia Compared to Depressed Patients and Nonpatient Comparison Subjects

Abstract: The patients with schizophrenia and the patients with depression presented similar deficits in various expressive modalities: posed and spontaneous emotional expression, smiling, coverbal gestures, and verbal output.

Cited by 132 publications

References 46 publications

Nonverbal Behavior During Standardized Interviews in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Nonverbal Behavior During Standardized Interviews in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

The expression and assessment of emotions and internal states in individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities

Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

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