Facial expressions of emotion (KDEF): Identification under different display-duration conditions

Abstract

Participants judged which of seven facial expressions (neutrality, happiness, anger, sadness, surprise, fear, and disgust) were displayed by a set of 280 faces corresponding to 20 female and 20 male models of the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database (Lundqvist, Flykt, & Ohman, 1998). Each face was presented under free-viewing conditions (to 63 participants) and also for 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 msec (to 160 participants), to examine identification thresholds. Measures of identification accuracy, types of errors, and reaction times were obtained for each expression. In general, happy faces were identified more accurately, earlier, and faster than other faces, whereas judgments of fearful faces were the least accurate, the latest, and the slowest. Norms for each face and expression regarding level of identification accuracy, errors, and reaction times may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.

Neural processing of fearful and happy facial expressions during emotion-relevant and emotion-irrelevant tasks: A fixation-to-feature approach

“…Using an intact/smeared face decision task, a previous study reported a similar effect, with more negative amplitudes for happy than neutral (and angry) faces at occipito-parietal sites during a 128-144ms windows, which corresponded to the transition between P1 and N170 (Schacht & Sommer, 2009). These results suggest possibly faster processing of happy than fearful expressions (the latter starting around the N170 or later, as discussed next), which is in line with behavioural reports of faster discrimination of happy faces compared to the other basic emotions (e.g., Calvo & Lundqvist, 2008;Palermo & Colheart, 2004;Tottenham et al, 2009). …”

The Impact of a Single Administration of Intranasal Oxytocin on the Recognition of Basic Emotions in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

“…These included seven independent studies comprising 381 research participants (71 females). The average number of participants per study was 54; two studies used The Pictures of Facial Affect Database (Ekman and Friesen, 1976), three used images from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (Calvo and Lundqvist, 2008) series, another used the Dynamic Affect Recognition Evaluation (DARE) from the Cohn-Kanade database, and the remaining study using another validated stimulus set, the FACES database containing facial expressions of younger, middle-aged, and older women and men (Ebner et al, 2010).…”

FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation

“…However, so far this database does not comprise a full cross-classification of facial expressions and individual faces, in the sense that each face is represented with each of several different facial expressions. Other existing databases cover various facial expressions for each individual face (see, e.g., Calvo & Lundqvist, 2008;Palermo & Coltheart, 2004). Examples are the Pictures of Facial Affect (PoFA; Ekman & Friesen, 1976), the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces System (Lundqvist, Flykt, & Öhman, 1998), the Yale Face Database (n.d.), and the Psychological Image Collection at Stirling (University of Stirling Psychology Department, n.d.).…”