Facial expressions and complex IAPS pictures: Common and differential networks

Britton, Jennifer C.; Taylor, Stephan F.; Sudheimer, Keith; Liberzon, Israel

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.050

Cited by 346 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Nonetheless, several studies using masked fearful faces did report amygdala activation (eg, Carlson et al, 2009). Consciously perceived faces appear to evoke somewhat stronger amygdala activation than complex aversive IAPS pictures, even though the latter are rated as more arousing (Britton et al, 2006). Faces are less complex than aversive pictures, which may facilitate masked presentations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine Modulates Reward System Activity During Subconscious Processing of Sexual Stimuli

Oei

Rombouts

Soeter

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Dopaminergic medication influences conscious processing of rewarding stimuli, and is associated with impulsive-compulsive behaviors, such as hypersexuality. Previous studies have shown that subconscious subliminal presentation of sexual stimuli activates brain areas known to be part of the 'reward system'. In this study, it was hypothesized that dopamine modulates activation in key areas of the reward system, such as the nucleus accumbens, during subconscious processing of sexual stimuli. Young healthy males (n ¼ 53) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups or a control group, and were administered a dopamine antagonist (haloperidol), a dopamine agonist (levodopa), or placebo. Brain activation was assessed during a backward-masking task with subliminally presented sexual stimuli. Results showed that levodopa significantly enhanced the activation in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal anterior cingulate when subliminal sexual stimuli were shown, whereas haloperidol decreased activations in those areas. Dopamine thus enhances activations in regions thought to regulate 'wanting' in response to potentially rewarding sexual stimuli that are not consciously perceived. This running start of the reward system might explain the pull of rewards in individuals with compulsive reward-seeking behaviors such as hypersexuality and patients who receive dopaminergic medication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine Modulates Reward System Activity During Subconscious Processing of Sexual Stimuli

Oei

Rombouts

Soeter

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Faces activate similar brain circuitry as emotional scenes and seem to activate it even more strongly (Britton et al, 2006;Hariri et al, 2002). Emotional faces and scenes have also been shown to be perceived preferentially, e.g., in binocular rivalry (Alpers and Gerdes, 2007;Alpers and Pauli, 2006) and they both strongly lead to attentional engagement Mogg and Bradley, 2002).…”

Section: Emotional Input Versus Emotional Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two recent experiments (Britton et al, 2006;Hariri et al, 2002) demonstrated within the same experimental paradigm that emotional scenes and faces activate similar brain structures, including those directly engaged in emotion processing like the amygdala. However, faces were superior in eliciting stronger activations in the amygdala (Hariri et al, 2002) or activations in more extended regions beyond it (Britton et al, 2006). In spite of the similarities in brain activations, it is not resolved, whether this reflects the decoding of emotional cues or whether it also corresponds with comparable physiological output.…”

Section: Emotional Facial Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional scenes and facial expressions elicit different psychophysiological responses

Alpers

Adolph

Pauli

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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We examined if emotional faces elicit physiological responses similar to pictures of emotional scenes. Forty one students viewed emotional scenes (negative, neutral, and positive) and emotional faces (angry, neutral, and happy). Heart rate, orbicularis oculi and electrodermal activity were measured continuously, and the startle reflex was elicited. Although the patterns of valence and arousal ratings were comparable, physiological response patterns differed. For scenes we replicated the valence-specific modulation of the startle response, heart rate deceleration, and the arousal-related modulation of the electrodermal response. In contrast, for faces we found valence-specific modulation only for the electrodermal response, but the startle and heart rate deceleration were modulated by arousal. Although arousal differences may account for some differences in physiological responding this shows that not all emotional material that is decoded similarly leads to the same psychophysiological output.

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“…The behavioural data suggest that the key skills impaired in individuals with a family history of MDD are emotion processing [12][13][14] and attention shifting from emotional content, 15,16 neural correlates of which have been previously verified in healthy individuals. [17][18][19] These 2 processes are crucial components of emotional regulation 20,21 and represent its 2 basic functions: an ability to explore emotional meaning of the environment and a potential to withdraw from the exploration in accordance with one's goals. The disturbance of emotional regulation is, according to some models, [22][23][24][25][26][27] a key feature of MDD and involves interplay of cognitive and emotional functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, examining neural correlates in these comparison groups is of high clinical relevance and seems to be crucial for targeting vulnerable individuals and developing strategies for prevention of depression. We assumed that the HC-FHP group experienced alterations in neural activation in the areas associated with emotion processing and attention switching in healthy controls (e.g., frontal and cingulate gyri, parietal cortex, insula, premotor cortex, subcortical areas [17][18][19]34 ). We hypothesized that the HC-FHP group had elevated neural activation relative to the MDD-FHP group in frontal, premotor and parietal areas as markers for relative resilience and elevated activation compared with the HC-FHN group in the cingulate cortex and subcortical areas based on our previous study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

Lisiecka

Carballedo

Fagan

et al. 2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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IntroductionIndividuals with a first-degree relative who has major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a 2-to 3-fold greater risk for depression than those without a family history of MDD. 1 Rela tives of depressed patients, compared with individuals without family history of psychiatric disorders, are characterized by elevated neuroticism, depressive cognitions and rigidity 2 and by stability of these traits over time.3 Patients with MDD who had relatives with an affective disorder display greater neuroticism 4 and have an earlier age of onset of MDD. 5 Evidently, family history of MDD alters susceptibility to depression and to an acute MDD episode. The factor is clinically important since it involves mechanisms of elevated risk for MDD (relatives of patients with MDD compared with healthy controls), suggests relative resilience to the disease (relatives of patients with MDD compared with the patients themselves) and points to different endophenotypes of healthy controls and patients with MDD. A good understanding of these mechanisms should not be underestimated if diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the disorder are to be enhanced. Background: Family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) increases individuals' vulnerability to depression and alters the way depression manifests itself. Emotion processing and attention shifting are functions altered by MDD and family history of the disease; therefore, it is important to recognize the neural correlates of these functions in association with both factors. Methods: Our study determines neural correlates of emotion processing and attention shifting for healthy individuals and patients with MDD with and without family history of depression. We compared the performance and neural activity in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment examining emotion processing and attention shifting in all participants. Results: Our sample included 4 study groups: healthy controls without family history of depression (n = 25), patients with MDD without family history of the disease (n = 20), unaffected healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD (n = 21) and patients with MDD with family history of MDD (n = 30). Compared with healthy controls, unaffected first-degree relatives overactivate the somatosensory cortex and the attention controlling areas during both emotion processing and attention shifting. Patients with family history of MDD have stronger neural activation in subcortical areas during shifting attention from negative stimuli. Patients without family history of MDD have less activation in the paralimbic regions and more activation in core limbic areas, especially during emotion processing. Limitations: The conclusions about the intergroup differences in activation can be drawn only about neural areas engaged in the task. Conclusion: Unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with MDD overreact to external emotional cues and compensate for the vulnerability with increased involvement of executive control. Patients with a family history of MDD have le...

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Facial expressions and complex IAPS pictures: Common and differential networks

Cited by 346 publications

References 82 publications

Dopamine Modulates Reward System Activity During Subconscious Processing of Sexual Stimuli

Dopamine Modulates Reward System Activity During Subconscious Processing of Sexual Stimuli

Emotional scenes and facial expressions elicit different psychophysiological responses

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

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