Facial emotion recognition in people with schizophrenia and a history of violence: a mediation analysis

Bulgari, Viola; Bava, Mattia; Gamba, Giulia; Bartoli, Francesco; Ornaghi, Annalisa; Candini, Valentina; Ferla, Maria Teresa; Cricelli, Marta; Bianconi, Giorgio; Cavalera, Cesare; Conte, Giovanni; Stefana, Alberto; Picchioni, Marco; Iozzino, Laura; Crocamo, Cristina; Carrà, Giuseppe

doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01027-8

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Therefore, neutral stimuli can attain emotional/affective salience during the use of cannabis (71). Deficits in emotion recognition have been associated with violence (72,73) and thus cannabis use inducing such impairments may increase the risk of violent acts. At the moment, the potential association between cannabis-induced changes in neural functioning and violent behavior in humans remains speculative, and future fMRI studies will need to directly measure levels of irritability and/or aggressiveness in cannabis users to determine if there is an association or not.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

et al. 2020

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There has been a shift surrounding societal and legal perspectives on cannabis reflecting changing public attitudes towards the perceived safety and social acceptability of cannabis use. With cannabis liberalization internationally, the focus of most cannabisrelated harms has been on effects with users themselves. Harm-to-others including injuries from violence have nevertheless been unfortunately largely overlooked. While studies remain heterogeneous, there is meta-analytical evidence pointing towards an association. The aims of this focused review are twofold: (I) review the evidence from meta-analyses on the association between cannabis and violence; and (II) provide an overview of possible mechanisms relating cannabis use to violence. First, evidence from meta-analytical studies in youths, intimate partners, and individuals with severe mental disorders have shown that there is a global moderate association between cannabis use and violence, which is stronger in the latter more at-risk population. Preliminary data has even highlighted a potential dose-response relationship with larger effects in more frequent users. Although of importance, this subject has remained essentially forgotten as a public health concern. While literature remains inconclusive, data has suggested potential increases in cannabis use following liberalization policies. This may increase violent outcomes if the effect is directly related to the use of cannabis by means of its psychophysiological modifications. However, for the moment, the mechanisms associating cannabis use and violence remain to be clearly resolved. Considering the recency of policy changes on cannabis, further methodologically sound research using longitudinal designs should examine the effects that cannabis use may have on different forms of violence and the trends that emerge, while evaluating the effects of possible confounding factors (e.g. other substance use). In addition, as evidence-based research from meta-analyses have shown that cannabis use is associated with violence, measures must be taken to mitigate the risks.

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Section: Psychophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

et al. 2020

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“…Such difficulties promote the onset of psychotic symptoms and, ultimately, lead to significant social dysfunction and reduced capacity to function. Bulgari et al ( 13 ) discovered that patients' lack of ability to accurately recognize facial expression is one reason for aggressive behavior often seen in the disease, and as a result, communication between patients with schizophrenia and society is inseparable from the process of recognizing facial emotions. The ability to deal with facial emotions is the central component and deciding factor affecting patients' social cognition, and it is also an important factor affecting social function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Deficits in facial emotion recognition are one of the most common cognitive impairments, and they have been extensively studied in various psychiatric disorders, especially in schizophrenia. However, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence about the factors associated with schizophrenia and impairment at each stage of the disease, which poses a challenge to the clinical management of patients. Based on this, we summarize facial emotion cognition among patients with schizophrenia, introduce the internationally recognized Bruce–Young face recognition model, and review the behavioral and event-related potential studies on the recognition of emotions at each stage of the face recognition process, including suggestions for the future direction of clinical research to explore the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia.

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“…Understanding mental states and recognizing emotions appear to be related to impairments in everyday social functioning, while attributions fail to predict these types of disability. In particular, previous studies have shown deficits in facial affect recognition in patients with aggressive behaviour and impaired recognition of fear and anger, alongside misjudgement of neutral expressions as indicative of fear or anger, are characteristic of patients displaying violent behaviour [ 8 ]. However, attribution style predicts the presence of paranoid ideation [ 9 ], which, particularly when severe delusions are present, is associated with unprovoked attacks on others [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognition and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of violence: results of a multinational European study

et al. 2021

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Objective Neurocognitive impairment has been extensively studied in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and seems to be one of the major determinants of functional outcome in this clinical population. Data exploring the link between neuropsychological deficits and the risk of violence in schizophrenia has been more inconsistent. In this study, we analyse the differential predictive potential of neurocognition and social cognition to discriminate patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of severe violence. Methods Overall, 398 (221 cases and 177 controls) patients were recruited in forensic and general psychiatric settings across five European countries and assessed using a standardized battery. Results Education and processing speed were the strongest discriminators between forensic and non-forensic patients, followed by emotion recognition. In particular, increased accuracy for anger recognition was the most distinctive feature of the forensic group. Conclusions These results may have important clinical implications, suggesting potential enhancements of the assessment and treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with a history of violence, who may benefit from consideration of socio-cognitive skills commonly neglected in ordinary clinical practice.

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Facial emotion recognition in people with schizophrenia and a history of violence: a mediation analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

Facial Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia

Neurocognition and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of violence: results of a multinational European study

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