Facial emotion recognition in bipolar disorder: a critical review

Rocca, Cristiana Castanho de Almeida; Heuvel, Eveline van den; Caetano, Sheila C.; Lafer, Beny

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462009000200015

Cited by 93 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…3,4 Significantly fewer studies have addressed empathy, a domain which can include cognitive and affective constructs. Cognitive empathy means cognitive understanding of the emotional state and point of view of the other person, hidden behind the emotion expressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased affective empathy in bipolar patients during a manic episode

Bodnar

Rybakowski

2017

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To assess both cognitive and affective empathy in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) during an acute manic or depressive episode. Methods: The study included 25 patients with BD (aged 35614 years) during an acute manic episode, 25 bipolar patients (aged 41614 years) during a depressive episode, and 25 healthy control subjects (aged 36611 years). Cognitive and affective empathy were assessed using the Multifaceted Empathy Test. Results: In both manic and depressive patients, a significant deficit in cognitive empathy was demonstrated. However, indices of affective empathy were significantly higher in the manic group than in depressed and control subjects. In the depressed patients, indices did not differ from those of healthy controls. For affective empathy, a significant positive correlation was found with intensity of manic symptoms and a negative correlation was found with intensity of depressive symptoms. No such correlations were observed with cognitive empathy. Conclusion: We found evidence of increased affective empathy (overempathizing) during a manic episode in bipolar patients. This phenomenon may be connected with disturbances in emotion inhibition related to anastrophic thinking and associated with increased activity of mirror neurons, all of which occur during a manic episode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased affective empathy in bipolar patients during a manic episode

Bodnar

Rybakowski

2017

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…18 Second, there is notable overlap between the neurobehavioral functions modulated by OT and AVP in healthy adults with those that are abnormal in schizophrenia, such as social cognition and memory. [19][20][21][22] For example, AVP 1b knockout mice exhibit impairments in memory and social behavior. 23 Third, these hormones both regulate physiological activity in brain regions that have established functional and structural alterations in the disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Although OT and AVP have been implicated in schizophrenia, 14,38 the degree to which alterations in these hormone systems contribute to neurobehavioral deficits in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders has not been systematically examined. Although supraphysiologic doses of OT modulate emotional and cognitive processes in healthy individuals 20,21 and in some small-sample schizophrenia studies, [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] it remains unclear whether there are altered physiological protein levels across these disorders and whether physiological levels of OT and AVP modulate neurobehavioral processes in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders as in healthy individuals. Studies of endocrine levels and their neurobehavioral associations are needed to address these questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Levels of Vasopressin and Reduced Behavioral Modulation of Oxytocin in Psychotic Disorders

Rubin

Carter

Bishop

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) exert robust influence on social affiliation and specific cognitive processes in healthy individuals. Abnormalities in these neuroendocrine systems have been observed in psychotic disorders, but their relation to impairments in behavioral domains that these endocrines modulate is not well understood. We compared abnormalities of OT and AVP serum concentrations in probands with schizophrenia (n = 57), schizoaffective disorder (n = 34), and psychotic bipolar disorder (n = 75); their first-degree relatives without a history of psychosis (n = 61, 43, 91, respectively); and healthy controls (n = 66) and examined their association with emotion processing and cognition. AVP levels were lower in schizophrenia (P = .002) and bipolar probands (P = .03) and in relatives of schizophrenia probands (P = .002) compared with controls. OT levels did not differ between groups. Familiality estimates were robust for OT (h 2 = 0.79, P = 3.97e−15) and AVP (h 2 = 0.78, P = 3.93e−11). Higher levels of OT were associated with better emotion recognition (β = 0.40, P < .001) and general neuropsychological function (β = 0.26, P = .04) in healthy controls as expected but not in any proband or relative group. In schizophrenia, higher OT levels were related to greater positive symptom severity. The dissociation of OT levels and behavioral function in all proband and relative groups suggests that risk and illness factors associated with psychotic disorders are not related to reduced OT levels but to a disruption in the ability of physiological levels of OT to modulate social cognition and neuropsychological function. Decreased AVP levels may be a marker of biological vulnerability in schizophrenia because alterations were seen in probands and relatives, and familiality was high.

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“…In the last decade, several authors have reported social cognition deficits in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) both in euthymia [1][2][3] and during relapses. 4 A recent meta-analysis 5 showed that euthymic patients with BD exhibit a significant deficit in theory of mind (ToM), with a medium-large effect size (d = 0.79).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in recognition, identification, and discrimination of facial emotions in patients with bipolar disorder

Benito

Lahera

Herrera

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To analyze the recognition, identification, and discrimination of facial emotions in a sample of outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: Forty-four outpatients with diagnosis of BD and 48 matched control subjects were selected. Both groups were assessed with tests for recognition (Emotion Recognition-40 --ER40), identification (Facial Emotion Identification Test --FEIT), and discrimination (Facial Emotion Discrimination Test --FEDT) of facial emotions, as well as a theory of mind (ToM) verbal test (Hinting Task). Differences between groups were analyzed, controlling the influence of mild depressive and manic symptoms. Results: Patients with BD scored significantly lower than controls on recognition (ER40), identification (FEIT), and discrimination (FEDT) of emotions. Regarding the verbal measure of ToM, a lower score was also observed in patients compared to controls. Patients with mild syndromal depressive symptoms obtained outcomes similar to patients in euthymia. A significant correlation between FEDT scores and global functioning (measured by the Functioning Assessment Short Test, FAST) was found. Conclusions: These results suggest that, even in euthymia, patients with BD experience deficits in recognition, identification, and discrimination of facial emotions, with potential functional implications.

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Facial emotion recognition in bipolar disorder: a critical review

Cited by 93 publications

References 44 publications

Increased affective empathy in bipolar patients during a manic episode

Increased affective empathy in bipolar patients during a manic episode

Reduced Levels of Vasopressin and Reduced Behavioral Modulation of Oxytocin in Psychotic Disorders

Deficits in recognition, identification, and discrimination of facial emotions in patients with bipolar disorder

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