Facial Contouring Surgery for Asians

Abstract

Asian people, especially women, prefer a more delicate and feminine facial shape. To achieve a softer and better facial contour, there are several procedures to change the facial skeleton. Reduction malarplasty and mandibular angleplasty are common facial contouring operations in Asia. A lot of techniques have been developed independently by several authors. Various approaches can be chosen, such as intraoral or external skin incisions. There as also different contouring methods that can be chosen depending on the patient's morphology and the surgeon's technical preferences. The different osteotomy techniques used to mobilize the zygomatic complex can be classified according to the specific portion that is being repositioned. Resection and contouring methods for a prominent mandibular angle can be subdivided according to the specific type of anomaly. The purpose of this article is to review the concepts and various operative procedures for reduction malarplasty and angleplasty. The authors propose a guideline for selecting the appropriate procedure(s) for individual patients. Decisions should be made according to the patient's need, anatomic variations, and possible operative sequelae.

Reduction Malarplasty Using Customized Surgical Stent Based on 3D Virtual Surgery, CAD/CAM, and 3D Printing Technology: Case Series

“…Therefore, many patients hope to have a slim face through reduction malarplasty. 2 There are intraoral, coronal, and temporal approaches to access the zygomatic body and zygomatic arch for performing malarplasty. Among them, the intraoral approach is the most commonly used approach because it does not leave any extraoral scars.…”

“…On the other hand, Asians have a lot of mesocephalies, so their faces are flat and wide, and there are many facial shapes with protruded zygoma area. 1,2 The standard of aesthetic appearance differs slightly based on the times and cultures, but in most cases, leftâ right symmetry, the ratio of the middle and lower face, and the ratio of protruding structures are considered.…”

Auxiliary usage of botulinum toxin A in plastic surgery in China

“…A square face type is regarded as unfeminine and unattractive by most Asian women . It is common for Asian patients to seek mandibular plastic surgery to possess oval‐shaped or slimmer faces.…”

Effect of hydroxyethyl cellulose soluble hemostatic gauze on hemostasis in facial contouring surgery

“…[ 1 ] The former approach is superior to the latter in that it neither leaves scar nor easily damages facial nerves. [ 2 ] However, in the case of intraoral approach, intraoperative bleeding is difficult to stop due to narrow visual field and rich regional blood supply, which may in turn lead to complicated surgery, airway obstruction, postoperative swelling, or even death. [ 3 ] Effective hemostasis, therefore, is of great significance in ensuring surgical safety and efficacy.…”

“…Regarding surgical approaches, intraoral or extraoral were the main options [1] . The former approach is superior to the latter in that it neither leaves scar nor easily damages facial nerves [2] . However, in the case of intraoral approach, intraoperative bleeding is difficult to stop due to narrow visual field and rich regional blood supply, which may in turn lead to complicated surgery, airway obstruction, postoperative swelling, or even death [3] .…”