Facial contact dermatitis caused by cosmetic‐relevant allergens

Abstract

Background: Facial allergic contact dermatitis caused by cosmetic products is common. New allergens in cosmetics continuously emerge.Objectives: To investigate characteristics of patients with facial dermatitis (FD) between 2010 and 2019 including patch test results from cosmetic-related allergens and a new test series with cosmetic-relevant natural ingredients (CRNIs).Methods: This is a retrospective study analysing demographics, clinical characteristics according to MOAHLFA index (male; occupation; atopic dermatitis; hand; leg; face; age ≥ 40 years), and patch test results to 27 cosmetic-relevant allergens in FD patients. A prospective study evaluating a screening test series with CRNIs in consecutive FD patients for 1 year was also conducted. These patients received a questionnaire for collecting extra characteristics (eg, concerning quality of life).Results: Of 8740 tested patients, 2292 (26.2%) had FD. Of these, 30.6% had cosmeticinduced FD. The most common cosmetic-related allergens were fragrances and preservatives. The most common patch test-positive CRNIs were hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool, and propolis. Potato and peanut were rare, but the most common prick test-positive CRNIs, however, without any relation to the use of cosmetic products. FD affected nearly all patients' quality of life and caused limitations to their daily life.Conclusions: Updated management and quick diagnosis of FD is important to avoid negative impact on patients' quality of life.cosmetic products, facial dermatitis, natural ingredients, patch test, skin prick test | INTRODUCTIONThe lifetime prevalence of facial dermatitis (FD) is around 10% in the general population. 1 Many FD patients present in dermatology clinics for diagnosis and treatment. 1 FD may have a negative impact on patients quality of life in addition to socioeconomic consequences. 2,3 Compared with hand dermatitis, surprisingly few studies have recently focused on the frequency, characteristics, and potential impact of FD and facial allergic contact dermatitis (FACD). 1,4,5 Cosmetics are probably the most common reason that FD patients present for patch testing, as allergic contact dermatitis is suspected. 4 Many ingredients in cosmetic products are contact allergens and have been shown to be common causes of FACD, especially fragrances and preservatives. [5][6][7] However, investigations of FACD may have a certain complexity due to the many ingredients and potential allergens present in cosmetics, and the cause of the allergy may be overlooked. New allergens, such as natural ingredients, continuously emerge in cosmetic products and could potentially make investigation and causes of FD even more comprehensive as they may also give rise to contact urticaria and/or protein contact dermatitis in FD patients. Cosmetics labelled as "natural" with plant protein derivatives, for example, wheat and oat, and animal protein derivatives, for example, milk, known to have the potential to cause immediate-type allergy when ingested, are increasing in popularity as cosm...

Limonene and linalool hydroperoxides review: Pros and cons for routine patch testing

“…Nowadays, also due to the availability of the commercial test preparations, increasing numbers of cases of sensitization to Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs have been described when studying contact allergy to cosmetics, (eg on the face). 36 In addition, early and continuous exposure to Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs may have an impact on children. A Belgian study demonstrated that the most frequent sensitizations in 329 children patch tested from 2010 to 2019 were to nickel sulfate and Lin-OOHs (both 16%), Lim-OOHs (13.5%) and paraphenylenediamine (10.9%).…”

“…Nowadays, also due to the availability of the commercial test preparations, increasing numbers of cases of sensitization to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs have been described when studying contact allergy to cosmetics, (eg on the face) 36 . In addition, early and continuous exposure to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs may have an impact on children.…”

Screening Allergenic Potencies of Skin-Contact Products Using the Human-Derived THP-1 Cell Activation Test

“…The SCP samples contained three facial toners, six facial essences, six facial creams, four body lotions, and three hand moisturizers. The HCP samples included eight hair dyes, and the RG samples were made of latex (13), nitrile (4), and polyvinyl chloride (1).…”

“…Research on daily used products, like wearable products, remained insufficient, although a few clinical records on contact urticaria characterized by the presence of a rash focally under watch bands was occasionally reported . Currently available data on skin allergy from usage of commodities were mostly based on epidemiological studies or individual medical record. , The traditional patch testing was a major approach for finding suspicious allergens with a complex matrix, , which was unfavorable or unable to meet the requirement for the efficient prediction of skin sensitization potency of commodities. Screening skin allergy potential for all sorts of skin-contact products using an in vitro high-throughput assay was thus necessary.…”

A Guide to Informed Skincare: The Meaning of Clean, Natural, Organic, Vegan, and Cruelty-Free

“…13 Many naturally derived ingredients are the cause of dermatitis, with the most common cosmetic-related natural ingredients causing facial dermatitis being propolis and hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool. 14 Our role is to educate about misinformation and marketing strategies to direct patients towards safe, effective, and affordable skincare. Patients should be encouraged to investigate how the terms clean, natural, organic, vegan, and cruelty-free are defined by the producers of their personal care products.…”