Facial characteristics of air gun array wavelets in the time and frequency domain under real conditions

Xing, Lei; Lin, Haoran; Zhang, Dong; Li, Qianqian; Zhou, Huawei; Liu, Huaishan

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2022.104591

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Research on acoustic properties based on sediments in different sea areas has involved the following steps: research on acoustic property testing methods (Wang et al, 2018;Xing et al, 2022a); research on acoustic propagation theory (Gassmann, 1951;Wood, 1964;Stoll, 1977); and research on the correlation between acoustic properties and physical parameters (Endler et al, 2016). Additionally, the acoustic properties of different sea areas (Xing et al, 2022b) and their empirical prediction equations for acoustic velocity have contributed to the progress of sedimentary acoustics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between acoustic velocity and physical parameters of sea floor sediments: a case study of the northern South China Sea

Zhang,

Xing,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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As the interface between seawater and the seabed, superficial sediments on the seabed are an important part of the marine acoustic field environment and are indispensable for marine resource investigations. Studying sediments several meters to hundreds of meters below the seafloor is highly valuable and important. This study processes and analyses the water depth, topography and bottom data and obtains the shallow bottom profile and topographic map of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea (SCS). The study analyzes the influence of physical parameter (including density, porosity, and grain size) on the acoustic velocity in sediments. Single-parameter and dual-parameter models are established to further examine this influence. The results show that porosity and density have greater influences on the acoustic velocity of sediments than does grain size. Finally, the acoustic properties of several typical stations with water depths are tested to analyze the variations in the acoustic properties of the shallow sediments in the northern SCS. The results show that the influence of each parameter on the prediction of the acoustic velocity of the sediment is in the following order: porosity>density>grain size. This study analyses and reveals the reason why the seafloor sediments in the local area cause the acoustic properties to change greatly. It may be caused by changes in the sediment type, lithology along with the depth. And the other reason is the development of interlayer in the land slope of the northern SCS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between acoustic velocity and physical parameters of sea floor sediments: a case study of the northern South China Sea

Zhang,

Xing,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…A sound wave propagates through different paths, and the sound wave energy and time required to reach the receiving points are also different, widening the air gun pulse duration and frequency band (Guerra et al., 2011) and causing extraordinary changes in the frequency spectrum and time characteristics of the air gun pulse with increasing distance from the source (Medwin & Clay, 1998). In addition, the sound field generated by an air gun array has complex radiation patterns and increases the complexity of sound transmission (Ainslie et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2021; Xing et al., 2022). These effects make it difficult to estimate air gun array characteristics and propagation behaviours in shallow water (McCauley et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic field characteristics of seismic surveys in the shallow water environment of the Bohai Sea

Zhang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

Geophysical Prospecting

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Air gun arrays are designed to generate strong energy pulses of less than 100 Hz for offshore oil and gas exploration. In shallow seas, due to the directivity of air gun arrays, the complex propagation conditions and the limitations of acquisition methods, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the spatial time and frequency transmission characteristics of airguns. To alleviate the existing lack of knowledge about the transmission characteristics of air gun pulses in the shallow waters of the Bohai Sea, we analysed three-dimensional ocean bottom cable seismic data collected during a seismic survey in the Bohai Sea, China, in June 2017, which were used to evaluate the reception level, frequency domain characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics within a 5.55 × 5.575 km area.The results showed that in shallow water, multipath propagation causes downfrequency chirplike sounds and an increased sound field. Within 0.3 km, the transmission model follows a cylindrical diffusion, and the sound loss rate decreases as the transmission distance increases until reaching 8 km. Signal capture by the sound channel results in a high transmission loss frequency band, whereas multimode interference weakens the transmission loss. The gun array directivity and the transmission channel are the two main factors affecting the acoustic field. This research provides an improved understanding of the acoustic field of airguns in the Bohai Sea, which can benefit the acoustic modelling of air gun arrays, the design of future seismic exploration projects and the conservation of marine life.

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First-Arrival Picking Method for Active Source Data with Ocean Bottom Seismometers Based on Spatial Waveform Variation Characteristics

Liu,

Xing,

Zhu

et al. 2024

J. Ocean Univ. China

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Facial characteristics of air gun array wavelets in the time and frequency domain under real conditions

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Correlation between acoustic velocity and physical parameters of sea floor sediments: a case study of the northern South China Sea

Correlation between acoustic velocity and physical parameters of sea floor sediments: a case study of the northern South China Sea

Acoustic field characteristics of seismic surveys in the shallow water environment of the Bohai Sea

First-Arrival Picking Method for Active Source Data with Ocean Bottom Seismometers Based on Spatial Waveform Variation Characteristics

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