Facial Anthropometry in an Arab Population

Dharap, A. S.; Salem, Abdel Halim; Fadel, Raouf; Osman, Mirghani; Chakravarty, Manoj; Latif, Nasir A.; Abu-Hijleh, Marwan F.

doi:10.12816/0000526

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The mean nasal width of an Arab cohort from the Gulf region measured in a study by Dharap et al [25] is consistent with that of our study, although the term “Arabian Gulf” was used loosely by the authors, since the subjects were from five countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The origin of people from the Gulf is not uniform; it can be Persian, Turkish, East Asian, or other.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The validity of three neo-classical facial canons in young adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula

Al-Sebaei

2015

Head Face Med

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IntroductionUnderstanding facial harmony and proportions is essential for facial reconstructive procedures and orthognathic surgery planning. In the literature, the neoclassical facial canons have been revisited in populations including North American whites and African Americans. The purpose of this study was to establish a baseline for selected facial anthropometric measurements and test the validity of 3 neoclassical facial canons in a cohort of young Saudi adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula.MethodsThe study group consisted of 168 healthy, esthetically pleasing Saudi Arabian dental students originating from the Arabian Peninsula (93 males and 75 females, age 20–24 years). Using a caliper, three neoclassical facial canons were measured; the vertical thirds of the face, the orbital canon (intercanthal distance = eye fissure length), and the orbito-nasal canon (intercanthal distance = nasal width) and analyzed using Student’s t-test, general linear modeling, and pairwise comparison of means.ResultsThe upper, middle, and lower thirds were not equal in measurement to each other (p < 0.0001). Sex dimorphism was observed in the lower facial third and nasal width measurements, with both larger in men (both p < 0.0001). The majority of subjects had longer upper and lower thirds than middle thirds, with 91.4% of males and 88% of females demonstrating a larger lower third than middle third. The most frequent variation in the orbital canon was a wider intercanthal distance than eye fissure length (55.9% of males and 74.7% of females). The most frequent variation in the orbito-nasal canon was a wider nasal width than intercanthal distance (92% of males and 56% of females).ConclusionsAlthough these individuals are esthetically pleasing, they do not exhibit equal facial thirds or conform to orbital or orbito-nasal canons. The three neoclassical canons studied could not be validated in young adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula. Thus, the esthetic goals in reconstructive and orthognathic surgery should respect this ethnic variation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The validity of three neo-classical facial canons in young adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula

Al-Sebaei

2015

Head Face Med

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“…[ 17 ] Gupta et al .,[ 18 ] Reddy et al .,[ 19 ] and Dharap et al . [ 20 ] also found that females have smaller interalar distance compared to males in their study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Correlation between interalar distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth in Thrissur, Kerala, Indian population

Attokaran

Shenoy

2018

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the validity of interalar distance as an aid in maxillary anterior teeth selection in Thrissur, Kerala, Indian population. The study also evaluated whether interalar distance and maxillary anterior teeth undergo any changes as age increases in this population and whether there is a gender difference in these parameters in this population.Materials and Methods:A study was planned on 1200 participants in Thrissur Municipal Corporation area, Kerala, India, with the aim of checking the validity of interalar distance as a successful aid in maxillary anterior teeth selection. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Mean standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Student's t-test was used for comparison between gender and two age groups such as 18–25 and 40–50 years. One-way ANOVA analysis was done for combined effects.Results:The study showed that there is a high statistical significance between the interalar distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in females (P < 0.01) and no significance in males.Conclusion:The study concluded that, within the population evaluated, there was a high significant correlation between interalar distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in both males and females. Both interalar distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth showed a significant increase in size as age increases. There was a significant increase in size difference for males compared to females in relation to interalar distance and not for mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth.

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“…The study presented the midface, nasal, upper and lower face heights were significantly taller but decreased values was seen in bizygomatic width in Sudanese female compare with American women The parameters of outer canthal distance (ex-ex) have less values than African American compared to North American Women and Sudanese female revealed reduced intra alar width (ala-ala) compared with AA but wider in NAW 24 . A study by H. Jagadish Chandra., (2012) India showed highly significant variation were observed in, facial, mandibular-face width, upper face, mandibular width-face height, mouth-face width, lower face-face height proportions in local population 22 .Georgios V Zacharopoulos, (2016) stated thatGreek males had significantly wider faces and mandibles than the North American Caucasian males, whereas Greek females had only significantly wider mandibles than their North American counterparts 25 . The present study exhibits the mandibular width, mental foramen and mandibular body width was higher in epileptic female than control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial dimension on three-dimensional computed tomography in patients with epilepsy: A preliminary study

Shirin

Begum²,

Kabir

et al. 2023

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Purpose: This study was undertaken to establish the facial anthropometric discrepancies in epilepsy and normal population of both genders. Methods: This Retrospective study was done in School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). CT images weretaken from CT database archive from year 2010 to 2017 in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The study group consisted of 9 epileptics & 9 healthy volunteers (aged between 42-56 years) who had no history of mixed racial parentage. 13 linear measurements were taken from 13 facial anthropometric landmarks including mandibles were first identified on each image according to standard definitions. The attained images were analysed using the Mimics Materialize measurement software ((Mimics 17.02 Materialise Leuven, Belgium). Results: The current study consisting 3 females vs 6 males representing in epileptic population & 2 female & 7 males in control populations. The results revealed sexual dimorphism in all the dimensional features of face, ocular region and the nasal region. The males having higher mean values than the females.In comparison with control male vs epileptic male showed significant variation onxygomaxillary (zm-zm) parameters. With regards of females there were no significant differences present within control groups and epilepsy groups. In thecontrol male group, result showed significantly (p= 0.04) longer mean values of nasion_alveoli (71.88 ±2.80 mm) compared to the control female group (65.63±0.94 mm) and highly significant difference were found in nasion_alveoli (na-al) and nasion_subnasale (n-sn) in between the epilepsy population of both sexes. The study was not concerned about age and ethnicity. Conclusion: The main objective of this work is to provide the standard values of epileptic patients’ data of both genders.The differences between that of epileptic patients against the control population may provide clear standards of variation with regards to facial analysis. This may contribute to a more in depth and nuanced phenotypic evaluation in the future. It has a large application to construct Forensic Medicine, Plastic Surgery, Orthodontics, Archaeology in the study epileptic populations. The facial, nasal and ocular, measurements among the most important cephalometric results that have been used to describe sexual differences.This study showed gender as an important factor in the description of human physiognomy. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 01 January’23 Page : 97-104

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Facial Anthropometry in an Arab Population

Abstract: Objective: To measure the inter-alar width of the nose, the maxillary inter-canine distance and mouth width of an Arab sample and evaluate the ethnic variations. Design: A prospective study.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

The validity of three neo-classical facial canons in young adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula

The validity of three neo-classical facial canons in young adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula

Correlation between interalar distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth in Thrissur, Kerala, Indian population

Facial dimension on three-dimensional computed tomography in patients with epilepsy: A preliminary study

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