“…Emotion refers to a conscious mental reaction subjectively experienced as strong feeling typically accompanied by physiological and behavioral changes in the body [3]. To recognize a user's emotional state, several studies have applied different forms of input, such as speech, facial expression, video, text, and others [11,13,15,25,39,42,47]. Among the methods using these inputs, facial emotion recognition (FER) has been gaining substantial attention over the past decades.…”