Facets of the Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Northeastern Province, Kenya, 2006–2007

King, Charles H.; Kahlon, Summerpal S.; Muiruri, Samuel; LaBeaud, A. Desirée

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0800

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…that magnify an early outbreak by transmitting RVFV among amplifying vertebrate hosts, including cattle, goats, and sheep. Because RVFV outbreaks generally follow anomalous heavy rainfall in endemic areas [8,11,12], meteorological forecasting of extreme weather events has been shown to be a useful tool to predict RVFV activity [13]. The most recent outbreak of RVFV in East Africa was forecast using climate prediction tools, which provided a modest early warning [14].…”

Section: Outbreak Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the most recent RVFV outbreak in Kenya, a characteristic clinical syndrome emerged for RVF and its features and time-course were documented [5••,12]. As described, the fever, malaise, and headaches seen in RVF were non-specific, but combined with large joint arthralgias (elbows, knees, and shoulders), nausea, vomiting, and mid-epigastric pain, followed by tender hepatomegaly, jaundice, and delirium, a characteristic RVF syndrome emerged.…”

Section: Human Rvf Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Rift Valley fever research: insights for disease prevention

LaBeaud¹,

Kazura²,

King

2010

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review The purpose of the study was to review recent research on Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection, encompassing four main areas: epidemiology and outbreak prediction, viral pathogenesis, human diagnostics and therapeutics, and vaccine and therapeutic candidates. Recent findings RVFV continues to extend its range in Africa and the Middle East. Better definition of RVFV-related clinical syndromes and human risk factors for severe disease, combined with early-warning systems based on remote-sensing, simplified rapid diagnostics, and tele-epidemiology, hold promise for earlier deployment of effective outbreak control measures. Advances in understanding of viral replication pathways and host cell-related pathogenesis suggest means for antiviral therapeutics and for more effective vaccination strategies based on genetically engineered virus strains or subunit vaccines. Summary RVFV is a significant health and economic burden in many areas of Africa, and remains a serious threat to other parts of the world. Development of more effective methods for RVFV outbreak prevention and control remains a global health priority.

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Section: Outbreak Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Rvf Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Rift Valley fever research: insights for disease prevention

LaBeaud¹,

Kazura²,

King

2010

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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“…Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus affecting livestock and people in Africa and the Arabian peninsula [ 1 ]. Epidemics of Rift Valley fever (RVF) are associated with greater than average rainfall, and are characterised by abortion in livestock and febrile illness in people [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sero-epidemiology of Rift Valley fever in people in the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya

et al. 2017

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus affecting livestock and people. This study was conducted in western Kenya where RVFV outbreaks have not previously been reported. The aims were to document the seroprevalence and risk factors for RVFV antibodies in a community-based sample from western Kenya and compare this with slaughterhouse workers in the same region who are considered a high-risk group for RVFV exposure. The study was conducted in western Kenya between July 2010 and November 2012. Individuals were recruited from randomly selected homesteads and a census of slaughterhouses. Structured questionnaire tools were used to collect information on demographic data, health, and risk factors for zoonotic disease exposure. Indirect ELISA on serum samples determined seropositivity to RVFV. Risk factor analysis for RVFV seropositivity was conducted using multi-level logistic regression. A total of 1861 individuals were sampled in 384 homesteads. The seroprevalence of RVFV in the community was 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.3). The variables significantly associated with RVFV seropositivity in the community were increasing age (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.4, p<0.001), and slaughtering cattle at the homestead (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.0–10.5, p = 0.047). A total of 553 slaughterhouse workers were sampled in 84 ruminant slaughterhouses. The seroprevalence of RVFV in slaughterhouse workers was 2.5% (95% CI 1.5–4.2). Being the slaughterman, the person who cuts the animal’s throat (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.0–12.1, p = 0.047), was significantly associated with RVFV seropositivity. This study investigated and compared the epidemiology of RVFV between community members and slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya. The data demonstrate that slaughtering animals is a risk factor for RVFV seropositivity and that slaughterhouse workers are a high-risk group for RVFV seropositivity in this environment. These risk factors have been previously reported in other studies providing further evidence for RVFV circulation in western Kenya.

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“…Several countries in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and islands in the Indian Ocean have reported RVF outbreaks of different severities (King et al 2010; Madani et al 2003; Maganga et al 2017; Nanyingi et al 2017; Nguku et al 2010; Oyas et al 2018; Shoemaker et al 2002; Sindato et al 2015). In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), although no RVF outbreaks have been reported to date, seropositivity of cattle to RVFV was first described in 2009 (Mulumba et al 2009) and has recently been confirmed (Tshilenge et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Tshilenge

Mulumba

Misinzo

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the RVF phlebovirus (RVFV) that infects a variety of animal species including sheep and goats. Sera (n = 893) collected between 2013 and 2015 from randomly selected indigenous sheep and goats in seven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were tested for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) against RVFV, using two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also used to detect RVFV nucleic acid. There was significant variation in true seroprevalence of RVFV for both sheep and goats between the seven provinces investigated. Values ranged from 0.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0–6.55) to 23.81 (95% CI 12.03–41.76) for goat and 0.0 (95% CI 0.0–7.56) to 37.11 (95% CI 15.48–65.94) for sheep, respectively. One serum (1.85%) out of 54 that tested positive for IgG was found to be IgM-positive. This same sample was also positive by RT-PCR indicating an active or recent infection. These findings report the presence of RVFV in small ruminants in the DRC for the first time and indicate variations in exposure to the virus in different parts of the country.

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Facets of the Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Northeastern Province, Kenya, 2006–2007

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Advances in Rift Valley fever research: insights for disease prevention

Advances in Rift Valley fever research: insights for disease prevention

The sero-epidemiology of Rift Valley fever in people in the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya

Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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