“…Guttman (1959), Guttman & Schlesinger (1967), Castro & Jordan (1977), and Berk (1978) developed the theory of mapping sentences based on the Structural Facet Theory (Guttman, 1959;Foa, 1968 Engle and Martuza (1976) and Berk (1978) developed six steps in creating an item based on facet design using the instructional objective as the basis for mapping sentences. They are as follows: (1) Select an instructional objective, (2) list instructional materials, (3) develop an amplified objective, (4) generate a mapping sentence (See Table 2.1), (5) generate the item facet structure, and (6) write the item.…”