Faces with Light Makeup Are Better Recognized than Faces with Heavy Makeup

Tagai, Keiko; Ohtaka, Hitomi; Nittono, Hiroshi

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00226

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…We also found that the perceived quantity of cosmetics applied to faces played almost no role in the perceived attractiveness of faces with cosmetics. Recent evidence has shown that faces with lighter makeup are perceived as more attractive than faces with heavier makeup [ 42 ], which is at odds with our findings here. However, that study used different models for each cosmetics condition, conflating sources of cosmetics and identity variance, as well as using digitally applied cosmetics.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Facial Cosmetics and Attractiveness: Comparing the Effect Sizes of Professionally-Applied Cosmetics and Identity

Jones

Kramer

2016

PLoS ONE

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Forms of body decoration exist in all human cultures. However, in Western societies, women are more likely to engage in appearance modification, especially through the use of facial cosmetics. How effective are cosmetics at altering attractiveness? Previous research has hinted that the effect is not large, especially when compared to the variation in attractiveness observed between individuals due to differences in identity. In order to build a fuller understanding of how cosmetics and identity affect attractiveness, here we examine how professionally-applied cosmetics alter attractiveness and compare this effect with the variation in attractiveness observed between individuals. In Study 1, 33 YouTube models were rated for attractiveness before and after the application of professionally-applied cosmetics. Cosmetics explained a larger proportion of the variation in attractiveness compared with previous studies, but this effect remained smaller than variation caused by differences in attractiveness between individuals. Study 2 replicated the results of the first study with a sample of 45 supermodels, with the aim of examining the effect of cosmetics in a sample of faces with low variation in attractiveness between individuals. While the effect size of cosmetics was generally large, between-person variability due to identity remained larger. Both studies also found interactions between cosmetics and identity–more attractive models received smaller increases when cosmetics were worn. Overall, we show that professionally-applied cosmetics produce a larger effect than self-applied cosmetics, an important theoretical consideration for the field. However, the effect of individual differences in facial appearance is ultimately more important in perceptions of attractiveness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Facial Cosmetics and Attractiveness: Comparing the Effect Sizes of Professionally-Applied Cosmetics and Identity

Jones

Kramer

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…This said, timbre need not be equated to sound source identity: a particular sound source (e.g., a human voice, a violin) can emit multiple timbres (different vowels, bowed vs. plucked sounds). Playing an instrument in an unusual or extreme manner, thereby producing unorthodox timbres (e.g., prepared piano, muted brass, woodwind squeaks, flutter tongue) can make that instrument difficult to recognize, similar to how an extreme facial expression 25 or makeup 26 can hinder face recognition. Pitch can also contribute to the identity of a sound, but characterizations of the relationship between pitch and timbre are somewhat murky.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Adaptation to the Timbre of Natural Sounds

Piazza

Theunissen

Wessel

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Timbre, the unique quality of a sound that points to its source, allows us to quickly identify a loved one’s voice in a crowd and distinguish a buzzy, bright trumpet from a warm cello. Despite its importance for perceiving the richness of auditory objects, timbre is a relatively poorly understood feature of sounds. Here we demonstrate for the first time that listeners adapt to the timbre of a wide variety of natural sounds. For each of several sound classes, participants were repeatedly exposed to two sounds (e.g., clarinet and oboe, male and female voice) that formed the endpoints of a morphed continuum. Adaptation to timbre resulted in consistent perceptual aftereffects, such that hearing sound A significantly altered perception of a neutral morph between A and B, making it sound more like B. Furthermore, these aftereffects were robust to moderate pitch changes, suggesting that adaptation to timbral features used for object identification drives these effects, analogous to face adaptation in vision.

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“…Most women want to look beautiful, healthy, attractive, and younger; thus, they wear makeup to satisfy this desire. According to previous studies, makeup was shown to increase women's attractiveness, perceived femininity, and self‐confidence, and reduce their perceived age, and some of these results were caused by facial contrast and visible skin color …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An evaluation of the effects of makeup on perceived age based on skin color in Korean women

Lee

Han

Kim

2018

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Summary Background Makeup has been shown to increase women's attractiveness, perceived femininity, and self‐confidence and reduce their perceived age. Some of these results were caused by facial contrast and visible skin color. However, they did not investigate makeup benefit by focusing skin color change. Objectives We investigated the benefit of makeup in reducing perceived age by focusing on only skin color, based on the age‐related changes in several skin color parameters (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis), and attempted to discover the indications for youthful‐looking skin color. Methods A total of 174 Korean women aged 20‐69 years participated in this study. Their digital facial images were cropped on the cheek area, standard Red green Blue data were transformed to Quasi‐L*a*b*, and the statistical parameters of individual Quasi‐L*a*b* data were calculated. Fourteen volunteers aged 30‐45 years wore liquid‐type makeup. The perceived age was assessed by 11 clinical evaluation researchers with a LCD monitor. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results According to a multiple regression analysis, unevenness in skin color, skin lightness, and skewness in skin yellowness significantly affected the participants’ perceived age; the most important factor was the unevenness in skin yellowness in Korean women. The evaluated and calculated with the regression equation perceived age were decreased after makeup was applied. Conclusions The makeup can reduce women's perceived age by correcting the skin's color, and it can show youthful skin properties such as a lighter and more homogenous color with less chroma.

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Faces with Light Makeup Are Better Recognized than Faces with Heavy Makeup

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Facial Cosmetics and Attractiveness: Comparing the Effect Sizes of Professionally-Applied Cosmetics and Identity

Facial Cosmetics and Attractiveness: Comparing the Effect Sizes of Professionally-Applied Cosmetics and Identity

Rapid Adaptation to the Timbre of Natural Sounds

An evaluation of the effects of makeup on perceived age based on skin color in Korean women

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