“…In this perspective, mathematical modeling is seen as a basic competency, and the aim of teaching mathematics is to equip students with this competency to solve real-life problems in mathematics and in other disciplines (Blomhøj & Jensen, 2007;Blum, 2002;Crouch & Haines, 2004;Haines & Crouch, 2001;Izard, Haines, Crouch, Houston, & Neill, 2003;Lingefjard, 2002a;Lingefjard & Holmquist, 2005). In this approach, initially, mathematical concepts and mathematical models are provided and later these ready-made concepts or models are applied to real-world situations (i.e., mathematics " reality) (Lingefjard, 2002a(Lingefjard, , 2002b(Lingefjard, , 2006Niss et al, 2007). Mathematical models and concepts are considered as already existing objects (Gravemeijer, 2002).…”