Faces of Homo floresiensis (LB1)

The archaeological contribution of forensic craniofacial reconstruction to a portrait drawing of a Korean historical figure

“…Hayes et al (2012) produced three CFRs using the skulls excavated from the Wairau Bar burial site where the earliest colonists were buried in New Zealand. They also carried out a CFR on the skull of Homo floresiensis excavated from Liang Bua in Indonesia (Hayes et al, 2013). The face of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321 CE), the major Italian poet of the Middle Ages renowned for his Divine Comedy, was recreated from the skull (Benazzi et al, 2009).…”

“…Scientifically, it is widely accepted that the first CFR was attempted by the Swiss-born German anatomist Wilhelm His who rebuilt the face of the composer Johann Sebastian Bach (His, 1895). Thereafter, the demand for CFR in archaeological research has increased and interdisciplinary studies have been performed world-wide to rebuild interesting faces from the past (Cesarani et al, 2004;Gregersen et al, 2006;Wilkinson, 2008;Papagrigorakis, 2011;Hayes et al, 2013). The CFR of King Richard III has been one of the most leading international projects highlighted by academia and the It is noticeable that archaeological excavations regarding historical figures have also been performed in South Korea for several decades (Supplementary Data 2).…”

Faces in the museum: revising the methods of facial reconstructions

“…Two of these concern pre-modern humans (Baba, Aziz, andNarasaki 1998, Hayes, Sutikna, andMorwood 2013), while the remaining are of people who died relatively recently (circa 4000-100 years ago). These facial reconstructions of 65 modern humans involve men, women and children from a range of social strata, and represent excavations, exhumations and collections from all over the world.…”

“…A consequence of this adherence to methodological purity is that a 'bald' face is typically assumed to be a male face (which impacts deleteriously on approximations involving women), and most research collaborators, which include ancestral custodians as well as museum curators, would much rather the results include terminal scalp hair. A more recent compromise of wet hair, off the face has been applied (Hayes, Sutikna, and Morwood 2013) which to some extent evades, but not entirely avoids, subjective assumptions such as hair texture and length, and additionally reduces the visibility of upper ear shape. The historical records describe the Huarpe people as having dark and long hair (Canals Frau 1946), and this is included in the revised results.…”

A geometric morphometric evaluation of the Belanglo ‘Angel’ facial approximation

“…Because of its capacity to process complex patterns of shape variance, previous research has found that geometric morphometrics can enable statistically meaningful comparisons between (i) highly disparate image types depicting the face of the same individual [25,26], (ii) widely divergent palaeoart facial reconstructions of the same skull [27], and (iii) between images of different individuals displaying a range of habitual head pose variations [28]. It is because of this ability to identify shape variance due to head pose that geometric morphometrics has been applied for this evaluation of the facial approximation of Ms Pearce-Stevenson, though photographic distortion remains a confounding variable.…”