Face-Processing Performance is an Independent Predictor of Social Affect as Measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Across Large-Scale Datasets

Zagury-Orly, Ivry; Kroeck, Mallory R; Soussand, Louis; Cohen, Alexander L.

doi:10.1007/s10803-021-04971-4

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our finding of a specific association between tuber involvement of the right FFA with the development of ASD has biologic plausibility for two reasons. First, face processing difficulty is common in idiopathic ASD, with $40% of individuals with ASD meeting criteria for face recognition impairment 69 -far above the general population rate of 2 to 3%. 70,71 Although not part of the DSM-5 criteria for ASD, difficulty in recognizing or utilizing facial information is thought to have significant effects on social skill deficits 72 and can be apparent as early as FIGURE 3: Tuber burden was calculated for participants with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within then entire gray matter and within each pair of lobes, as well as for the left and right temporal lobe individually (A), demonstrating a lack of statistical difference in tuber distribution between those with and without an ASD diagnosis.…”

Section: Importance Of Face Processing and Ffa In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis

Cohen

Kroeck

Wall

et al. 2022

Annals of Neurology

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Objective: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with focal brain "tubers" and a high incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The location of brain tubers associated with autism may provide insight into the neuroanatomical substrate of ASD symptoms. Methods: We delineated tuber locations for 115 TSC participants with ASD (n = 31) and without ASD (n = 84) from the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Research Network. We tested for associations between ASD diagnosis and tuber burden within the whole brain, specific lobes, and at 8 regions of interest derived from the ASD neuroimaging literature, including the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal and posterior parietal cortices, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri, superior temporal sulcus, amygdala, and supplemental motor area. Next, we performed an unbiased data-driven voxelwise lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis. Finally, we calculated the risk of ASD associated with positive findings from the above analyses. Results: There were no significant ASD-related differences in tuber burden across the whole brain, within specific lobes, or within a priori regions derived from the ASD literature. However, using VLSM analysis, we found that tubers involving the right fusiform face area (FFA) were associated with a 3.7-fold increased risk of developing ASD. Interpretation: Although TSC is a rare cause of ASD, there is a strong association between tuber involvement of the right FFA and ASD diagnosis. This highlights a potentially causative mechanism for developing autism in TSC that may guide research into ASD symptoms more generally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Face Processing and Ffa In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis

Cohen

Kroeck

Wall

et al. 2022

Annals of Neurology

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“…The former, particularly the ability to detect and recognize human faces, is essential for successfully managing our social world, whereas visuospatial judgments are necessary for navigating our physical environment. Altered abilities in both of these visual domains have been reported in neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia 4 – 7 and may be associated with symptom severity 8 – 10 and treatment outcomes 11 , but elucidating underlying mechanisms is complicated by the inherent clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these conditions. While the specific molecular and neurobiological etiologies of these complex visual processing phenotypes may be distinct across disorders, establishing a mechanistic foothold on clinically apparent alterations in human visual processing may open new routes to discovery that are widely applicable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting neurofunctional correlates of face- and visuospatial-processing in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome: convergent results from four fMRI paradigms

Garvey,

Nash,

Kippenhan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Understanding neurogenetic mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism is complicated by their inherent clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Williams syndrome (WS), a rare neurodevelopmental condition in which both the genetic alteration (hemideletion of ~ twenty-six 7q11.23 genes) and the cognitive/behavioral profile are well-defined, offers an invaluable opportunity to delineate gene-brain-behavior relationships. People with WS are characterized by increased social drive, including particular interest in faces, together with hallmark difficulty in visuospatial processing. Prior work, primarily in adults with WS, has searched for neural correlates of these characteristics, with reports of altered fusiform gyrus function while viewing socioemotional stimuli such as faces, along with hypoactivation of the intraparietal sulcus during visuospatial processing. Here, we investigated neural function in children and adolescents with WS by using four separate fMRI paradigms, two that probe each of these two cognitive/behavioral domains. During the two visuospatial tasks, but not during the two face processing tasks, we found bilateral intraparietal sulcus hypoactivation in WS. In contrast, during both face processing tasks, but not during the visuospatial tasks, we found fusiform hyperactivation. These data not only demonstrate that previous findings in adults with WS are also present in childhood and adolescence, but also provide a clear example that genetic mechanisms can bias neural circuit function, thereby affecting behavioral traits.

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“…The perception of faces is the primary information source for the recognition and identification of specific individuals, is critical for interpreting expressions and emotions, and underpins the extraction of important social cues; hence, impaired visual or visual-cognitive perceptual systems can severely challenge social engagement. In light of this, investigating the relationship between face perception and neural activity may help us to understand putative disruptions to neural systems in clinical conditions such as autism [2], congenital or acquired prosopagnosia [3], and schizophrenia [4], which often involve atypical face perception as measured by behavioral and neurophysiological measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of face perception modeled with a convolutional recurrent neural network

et al. 2023

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Objective: Event-related potential (ERP) sensitivity to faces is predominantly characterized by an N170 peak that has greater amplitude and shorter latency when elicited by human faces than images of other objects. We aimed to develop a computational model of visual ERP generation to study this phenomenon which consisted of a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) connected to a recurrent neural network (RNN).Approach: The CNN provided image representation learning, complimenting sequence learning of the RNN for modeling visually-evoked potentials. We used open-access data from ERP CORE (40 subjects) to develop the model, generated synthetic images for simulating experiments with a generative adversarial network, then collected additional data (16 subjects) to validate predictions of these simulations. For modeling, visual stimuli presented during ERP experiments were represented as sequences of images (time x pixels). These were provided as inputs to the model. By filtering and pooling over spatial dimensions, the CNN transformed these inputs into sequences of vectors that were passed to the RNN. The ERP waveforms evoked by visual stimuli were provided to the RNN as labels for supervised learning. The whole model was trained end-to-end using data from the open-access dataset to reproduce ERP waveforms evoked by visual events. Main results: Cross-validation model outputs strongly correlated with open-access (r = 0.98) and validation study data (r = 0.78). Open-access and validation study data correlated similarly (r = 0.81). Some aspects of model behavior were consistent with neural recordings while others were not, suggesting promising albeit limited capacity for modeling the neurophysiology of face-sensitive ERP generation.Significance: The approach developed in this work is potentially of significant value for visual neuroscience research, where it may be adapted for multiple contexts to study computational relationships between visual stimuli and evoked neural activity.

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Face-Processing Performance is an Independent Predictor of Social Affect as Measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Across Large-Scale Datasets

Cited by 9 publications

References 94 publications

Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis

Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis

Contrasting neurofunctional correlates of face- and visuospatial-processing in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome: convergent results from four fMRI paradigms

Neural correlates of face perception modeled with a convolutional recurrent neural network

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