“…The system configuration is shown in Figure 4. Our laparoscope positioning system consists primarily of an optical 3D measurement system (Polaris Accedo, NDI Corporation), an all-purpose PC (CPU: Intel R Core 2 Duo E6600 2.4GHz, Memory: 2GB, OS: Vine Linux 4.0), a robot manipulator with three degrees-of-freedom that holds the laparoscope (for details, see [8]), a scan converter (DSC06d-HR, Digital Arts Corporation) for superimposing graphics on the scope image, and a 21-inch TV monitor. Initially in this system, DISTANCE is set as the base distance d 0 , and the position of the laparoscope is controlled by the following algorithm (referred to as "Proposed") under the condition that DISTANCE is kept within [d min , d max ].…”