Face Masks, Public Policies and Slowing the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Canada

Karaivanov, Alexander; Shigeoka, Hitoshi; Lu, Shih En; Chen, Cong; Pamplona, Stephanie

doi:10.3386/w27891

Cited by 54 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Canada used social distancing, travel restrictions, integration of social sciences as their method. They used well-functioning federalism, long term care, rapid testing and tracing, face mask mandates as their crisis management; partnered with multilayer government [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Scientific Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistakeholder Participation in Disaster Management—The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting society’s health, economy, environment and development. COVID-19 has claimed many lives across the globe and severely impacted the livelihood of a considerable section of the world’s population. We are still in the process of finding optimal and effective solutions to control the pandemic and minimise its negative impacts. In the process of developing effective strategies to combat COVID-19, different countries have adapted diverse policies, strategies and activities and yet there are no universal or comprehensive solutions to the problem. In this context, this paper brings out a conceptual model of multistakeholder participation governance as an effective model to fight against COVID-19. Accordingly, the current study conducted a scientific review by examining multi-stakeholder disaster response strategies, particularly in relation to COVID-19. The study then presents a conceptual framework for multistakeholder participation governance as one of the effective models to fight against COVID-19. Subsequently, the article offers strategies for rebuilding the economy and healthcare system through multi-stakeholder participation, and gives policy directions/decisions based on evidence to save lives and protect livelihoods. The current study also provides evidence about multidimensional approaches and multi-diplomatic mechanisms during the COVID-19 crisis, in order to examine dimensions of multi-stakeholder participation in disaster management and to document innovative, collaborative strategic directions across the globe. The current research findings highlight the need for global collaboration by working together to put an end to this pandemic situation through the application of a Multi-Stakeholder Spatial Decision Support System (MS-SDSS).

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Section: Scientific Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistakeholder Participation in Disaster Management—The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…This adjustment has the potential to reduce spikes in infections both on campus and at the students’ travel destination, but may come at the cost of harming the mental health of both students and faculty. Next, universities can limit parties and gatherings of large groups, reduce density in dormitories, and require facial coverings which are shown to reduce the spread of infections ( Karaivanov et al., 2020 , Lyu, Wehby, 2020 , Bahl, Eikmeier, Fraser, Junge, Keesing, Nakahata, Wang ). Universities can also choose to cancel sports during the remainder of the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JUE Insight: College student travel contributed to local COVID-19 spread

Mangrum

Niekamp

2022

Journal of Urban Economics

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Due to the suspension of in-person classes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, students at universities with earlier spring breaks traveled and returned to campus while those with later spring breaks largely did not. We use variation in academic calendars to study how travel affected the evolution of COVID-19 cases and mortality. Estimates imply that counties with more early spring break students had a higher growth rate of cases than counties with fewer early spring break students. The increase in case growth rates peaked two weeks after spring break. Effects are larger for universities with students more likely to travel through airports, to New York City, and to popular Florida destinations. Consistent with secondary spread to more vulnerable populations, we find a delayed increase in mortality growth rates. Lastly, we present evidence that viral infection transmission due to college student travel also occurred prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…A nation-wide study of Canada investigated the impact of mask mandates and other nonpharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 growth across 34 public health regions in Ontario, as well as the effect on Canada as a whole at the country level. [ 41 ] The study of Ontario utilized variation in the timing of the adoption of mask mandates in each sub-region, and was conducted over a relatively small geographic area. The study found that within the first few weeks after the mask mandate came into effect, the average weekly number of newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections decreased by 25–31% in Ontario.…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Of Using Face Masks Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study further examined self-reported mask usage, and found that mask mandates increased mask usage by 30%, significantly affecting public behavior towards masking. [ 41 ]…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Of Using Face Masks Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Face masks against COVID-19: Standards, efficacy, testing and decontamination methods

Boisvert

Zuo

2021

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

104

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global pandemic on a scale not seen for over a century. Increasing evidence suggests that respiratory droplets and aerosols are likely the most common route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2. Since the virus can be spread by presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, universal face masking has been recommended as a straightforward and low-cost strategy to mitigate virus transmission. Numerous governments and public health agencies around the world have advocated for or mandated the wearing of masks in public settings, especially in situations where social distancing is not possible. However, the efficacy of wearing a mask remains controversial. This interdisciplinary review summarizes the current, state-of-the-art understanding of mask usage against COVID-19. It covers three main aspects of mask usage amid the pandemic: quality standards for various face masks and their fundamental filtration mechanisms, empirical methods for quantitatively determining mask integrity and particle filtration efficiency, and decontamination methods that allow for the reuse of traditionally disposable N95 and surgical masks. The focus is given to the fundamental physicochemical and engineering sciences behind each aspect covered in this review, providing novel insights into the current understanding of mask usage to curb COVID-19 spread.

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Face Masks, Public Policies and Slowing the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Canada

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

Multistakeholder Participation in Disaster Management—The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Multistakeholder Participation in Disaster Management—The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic

JUE Insight: College student travel contributed to local COVID-19 spread

Face masks against COVID-19: Standards, efficacy, testing and decontamination methods

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