Face identity is encoded in the duration of N170 adaptation

Shen, Christina; Stasch, Joanna; Velenosi, Lisa Alexandria; Madipakkam, Apoorva Rajiv; Edemann-Callesen, Henriette; Neuhaus, Andres H.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.010

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The N170 was quantified by measuring the mean amplitude within the timeframe of 150 -200ms in relation to a pre-stimulus baseline of 200ms. Based on former literature, we restricted the attributing electrode sites to exclusively P7/P8 and TP7/TP8 for our analysis [25][26][27][28][29]. In line with our directional hypothesis, the mean amplitudes for expected and random images were subjected to dependent, one-tailed t-tests for each set of electrodes (left hemisphere: TP7/P7; right hemisphere: TP8/P8; see S1 File for an alternative repeated measures cluster permutation test approach).…”

Section: Eeg Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early alpha/beta oscillations reflect the formation of face-related expectations in the brain

et al. 2021

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Although statistical regularities in the environment often go explicitly unnoticed, traces of implicit learning are evident in our neural activity. Recent perspectives have offered evidence that both pre-stimulus oscillations and peri-stimulus event-related potentials are reliable biomarkers of implicit expectations arising from statistical learning. What remains ambiguous, however, is the origination and development of these implicit expectations. To address this lack of knowledge and determine the temporal constraints of expectation formation, pre-stimulus increases in alpha/beta power were investigated alongside a reduction in the N170 and a suppression in peri-/post-stimulus gamma power. Electroencephalography was acquired from naive participants who engaged in a gender classification task. Participants were uninformed, that eight face images were sorted into four reoccurring pairs which were pseudorandomly hidden amongst randomly occurring face images. We found a reduced N170 for statistically expected images at left parietal and temporo-parietal electrodes. Furthermore, enhanced gamma power following the presentation of random images emphasized the bottom-up processing of these arbitrary occurrences. In contrast, enhanced alpha/beta power was evident pre-stimulus for expected relative to random faces. A particularly interesting finding was the early onset of alpha/beta power enhancement which peaked immediately after the depiction of the predictive face. Hence, our findings propose an approximate timeframe throughout which consistent traces of enhanced alpha/beta power illustrate the early prioritisation of top-down processes to facilitate the development of implicitly cued face-related expectations.

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Section: Eeg Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early alpha/beta oscillations reflect the formation of face-related expectations in the brain

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to the studies summarized in Figure 1, of which 4 sudies utilized adaptation (Cao et al, 2014;Fu et al, 2012;Kuehl et al, 2013;Shen et al, 2017), many other N170 studies have adopted short ISI, such as studies using priming (Campanella et al, 2000;Jemel, Pisani, Calabria, Crommelinck, & Bruyer, 2003) and rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) (Gao et al, 2011;W. Luo, Feng, He, Wang, & Luo, 2010;Robinson, Plaut, & Behrmann, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible factor, which to our best knowlege has not been directly investigated, is inter-stimulus intervals (ISI). In a survey we made (Figure 1) , one can see a monotonic relationship between N170 latency and ISI (Cao, Jiang, Li, & He, 2014;Dimigen, Kliegl, & Sommer, 2012;Fu, Feng, Guo, Luo, & Parasuraman, 2012;Harris & Nakayama, 2007;Kuehl, Brandt, Hahn, Dettling, & Neuhaus, 2013;Lin et al, 2011;Martens, Schweinberger, Kiefer, & Burton, 2006;Shen et al, 2017;Su, Mak, Cheung, & Law, 2012). In fact, a very short ISI can delay the N170 up to ~80 ms later than the typical latency, which is an enormous effect compared to the face inversion effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nudging the N170 forward with prior stimulation – Bridging the gap between N170 and recognition potential

Luo

Chen

VanRullen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Some neural responses are classified by the stimulus conditions leading up to that response while other neural responses are also classified by the morphology of the responses themselves. However, morphology-based classification may not be appropriate if one can nudge a neural response into looking like another neural response. Morphology-based classification occurs with the N170 and RP (Recognition Potential), ERP components that are studied in separate literatures and yet share much in common in terms of functionality. In this study, we demonstrate a gradual transformation in the morphology of the N170 to the RP using a simple parametric manipulation of forward masks that is unlikely to cause a change in the underlying processing. Both the N170 and RP are N1 components, meaning that they are the first negative deflection of the evoked response. However, the RP is often measured with a forward mask that ends at stimulus onset whereas the N170 is often measured with no masking at all. This study investigates how ISI may delay and distort the N170 into an RP by manipulating the temporal gap (ISI) between forward mask and target. The results revealed reverse relationships between the ISI on the one hand, and the N170 latency, single-trial N1 jitter (an approximation of N1 width) and reaction time on the other hand. Importantly, we find that scalp topographies have a unique signature at the N1 peak across all conditions, from the longest gap (N170) to the shortest (RP). These findings prove that the mask-delayed N1 is still the same N170, even under conditions that are normally associated with a different component like the RP. In general, our results suggest that greater caution should be taken to interpret the time course of a measured effect when forward masks are employed.

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“…However, the latency of N170 can be influenced by an overlooked factor—ISI. In a survey, we made of the N170 literature (Figure 1), one can see a monotonic relationship between N170 latency and ISI (Cao, Jiang, Li, & He, 2014; Fu, Feng, Guo, Luo, & Parasuraman, 2012; A. Harris & Nakayama, 2007; Kuehl, Brandt, Hahn, Dettling, & Neuhaus, 2013; Shen et al, 2017). Additionally, in the four forward masking studies that also used short ISI, their N170 seems not only to have longer latencies than the typical N170, but are also distorted or even abolished to the extent that the latencies are difficult to estimate from the figures (Harris, Te Wu, & Woldorff, 2011; Lin et al, 2011; Martens, Schweinberger, Kiefer, & Burton, 2006; Su, Mak, Cheung, & Law, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nudging the N170 forward with prior stimulation—Bridging the gap between N170 and recognition potential

Luo

Chen

VanRullen

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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Evoked response potentials are often divided up into numerous components, each with their own body of literature. But is there less variety than we might suppose? In this study, we nudge one component into looking like another. Both the N170 and recognition potential (RP) are N1 components in response to familiar objects. However, the RP is often measured with a forward mask that ends at stimulus onset whereas the N170 is often measured with no masking at all. This study investigates how inter‐stimulus interval (ISI) may delay and distort the N170 into an RP by manipulating the temporal gap (ISI) between forward mask and target. The results revealed reverse relationships between the ISI on the one hand, and the N170 latency, single‐trial N1 jitter (an approximation of N1 width) and reaction time on the other hand. Importantly, we find that scalp topographies have a unique signature at the N1 peak across all conditions, from the longest gap (N170) to the shortest (RP). These findings prove that the mask‐delayed N1 is still the same N170, even under conditions that are normally associated with a different component like the RP. In general, our results suggest greater synthesis in the study of event related potential components.

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Face identity is encoded in the duration of N170 adaptation

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Early alpha/beta oscillations reflect the formation of face-related expectations in the brain

Early alpha/beta oscillations reflect the formation of face-related expectations in the brain

Nudging the N170 forward with prior stimulation – Bridging the gap between N170 and recognition potential

Nudging the N170 forward with prior stimulation—Bridging the gap between N170 and recognition potential

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