Face-Dependent Work Function Derived From the Local Polarization of Plasma and the Image Force Action Near a Metal Surface

Wojciechowski, K.F.; Kiejna, A.; Bogdanów, H.

doi:10.1142/s0217984999001330

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…( 7)] and the atomic and cluster radii [Eqs. (11,14,15)]. They yield good estimates for the work function, the ionization potential, and the cluster electron removal energies by using only a single input parameter, the atomic polarizability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 4) were applied all the way down to the atomic limit, it would give an estimate of the ratio IP/WF as the value of η(d/R at ), where R at is a quantity characterizing the atomic size. On the other hand, we know from numerous investigations 2,3,9,13,14,15 that the cutoff parameter d is, sensibly enough, also of the same order of magnitude. In the atomic limit, therefore, the ratio d/R at should be on the order of unity.…”

Section: The Image Potential Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Despite the simplicity of this model, 12 there have been numerous attempts to estimate the parameter d in order to fit the experimental values of the WF. 2,3,9,[13][14][15] Although the particular choices of d were supported only by plausibility arguments, they were frequently able to offer rather nice agreement with the experimental data.…”

Section: Image Potential Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since the image force diverges at the surface, Schottky 11 suggested that one may be able to define a microscopic cutoff distance d at which the image force starts to act. Despite the simplicity of this model 12 , there have been numerous attempts to estimate the parameter d in order to fit the experimental values of the WF 2,3,9,13,14,15 . Although the particular choices of d were supported only by plausibility arguments, they were frequently able to offer rather nice agreement with the experimental data.…”

Section: The Image Potential Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Work functions, ionization potentials, and in between: Scaling relations based on the image-charge model

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We reexamine a model in which the ionization energy of a metal particle is associated with the work done by the image-charge force in moving the electron from infinity to a small cutoff distance just outside the surface. We show that this model can be compactly, and productively, employed to study the size dependence of electron removal energies over the range encompassing bulk surfaces, finite clusters, and individual atoms. It accounts in a straightforward manner for the empirically known correlation between the atomic ionization potential ͑IP͒ and the metal work function ͑WF͒, IP/WFϳ2. We formulate simple expressions for the model parameters, requiring only a single property ͑the atomic polarizability or the nearest-neighbor distance͒ as input. Without any additional adjustable parameters, the model yields both the IP and WF within ϳ10% for all metallic elements, simulates the concentration dependence of the WF of regular binary bulk alloys, and matches the size evolution of the IP of finite metal clusters for a large fraction of the experimental data. The parametrization takes advantage of a remarkably constant numerical correlation between the nearest-neighbor distance in a crystal, the cube root of the atomic polarizability, and the image-force cutoff length. The paper also includes an analytical derivation of the relation of the outer radius of a cluster of close-packed spheres to its geometric structure.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Image Potential Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Image Potential Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Image Potential Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Work functions, ionization potentials, and in between: Scaling relations based on the image-charge model

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Knapp [11] applied Herring-Nichols thermodynamics-based approach to WFs of (h k l) faces with the electrostatic patch fields. Wojciechowski et al [12], Kiejna [13] employed the local metal-lattice plasma (MLP) polarization concept of Halas and Durakiewicz [14,15] to calculate the face-dependent WF using the Kiejna selfconsistent electron density profiles of stabilized jellium. Brodie et al [16] proposed a general phenomenological model using the Maxwell classical image force and assuming Brodie minimum uncertainty distance [17] for the surface 2D plasma, to cover both clean and electropositive adsorbate covered surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Work Functions of (H K L)-Surfaces of W, Re, and Cu Crystals

Surma

Brona

Ciszewski

2018

Materials Science-Poland

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Work function (WF) and some physicochemical data for several most prominent crystal planes of three metals of typical structures are calculated within the linear approximation employing the surface dipole and 2D gas models. "Composite" crystal of a homogeneous bulk phase and a thick surface composed of eight (h k l)-oriented facets with different unsaturated bonds is treated as a nine-phase nine-component system with two degrees of freedom. It contains the two-dimensional metal-lattice plasma of free electrons and the immobile atom-core network. For twenty four (h k l) surfaces, the WF and dipole barrier term, chemical and electrostatic potential levels, electron charge densities, surface dipole fields, and other parameters are calculated and tabularized. WF values obtained from the thermodynamics based formula are compared to the ones obtained from the quantum mechanics based formula, which shows good agreement with experiment and also reveals a specific deviation in the case of field emission method for the most packed plane. A set of accurate face dependent data can be of interest to electronics and materials science workers.

show abstract

Temperature-dependent work function shifts of hydrogenated/deuteriated palladium: a new theoretical explanation

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Face-Dependent Work Function Derived From the Local Polarization of Plasma and the Image Force Action Near a Metal Surface

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Work functions, ionization potentials, and in between: Scaling relations based on the image-charge model

Work functions, ionization potentials, and in between: Scaling relations based on the image-charge model

Electron Work Functions of (H K L)-Surfaces of W, Re, and Cu Crystals

Temperature-dependent work function shifts of hydrogenated/deuteriated palladium: a new theoretical explanation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About